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Membrane fouling in an AnMBR treating industrial wastewater at high total solids concentrations7.5. Conclusions COD removal efficiency did not exhibit a significant improvement by increasingMLTS concentration, probably due to the complexity of industrial herbal extractionwastewaters. Maximun COD removals of 70 % were achieved only when alkalinity wasstabilized through sodium bicarbonate addition. Membrane fouling was seriously affected by the high MLTS concentration. Theformation of a dense cake layer that clogged the membrane governed foulingmechanisms. All the fouling parameters studies such as SRF, BPC, cBPC and TEPconcentrations were extremely high, compared with those previously reported. Theapplicability of cBPC and TEP concentration as a fouling indicator in AnMBR treatingindustrial wastewater was not as reliable as in aerobic MBRs due to its high values. PAC addition into the reactor was evaluated as a possible way to reducemembrane fouling, nevertheless no significant effect was observed regarding foulantsconcentration and sludge filterability. PAC addition would be beneficial for the system at lower MLTS concentrations,and even would be useful during shock load events as observed in fed-batch experiments. The combination of an UASB reactor with an aerobic MBR would be moreappropriate in order to enhance membrane flux and perhaps improve COD removalefficiency.7.6. ReferencesAkram, A., Stuckey, D.C. 2008. Flux and performance improvement in a submerged anaerobicmembrane bioreactor (SAMBR) using powdered activated carbon (PAC). ProcessBiochemistry 43, 93-102.APHA-AWWA-WPCF. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20 thed., American Public Health Association, Washington, USA.Arruda Fatibello, S.H.S., Henriques Vieira, A.A., Fatibello-Filho, O. 2004. A rapidspectrophotometric method for the determination of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) infreshwater. Talanta 62, 81–85.Barker DJ, Stuckey DC. 1999. A review of soluble microbial products (SMP) in wastewatertreatment systems. Water Research 33, 3063–82.Berubé, P.R., Hall, E.R., Sutton, P.M. 2006. Parameters Governing Permeate Flux in an AnaerobicMembrane Bioreactor Treating Low-Strength Municipal Wastewaters: A Literature Review.Water Environmental Research 78, 887-897.191
Chapter 7Bousbia, N., Vian, M.A., Ferhat, M.A., Petitcolas, E., Meklati, E.I., Chemat, F. 2009. Comparison oftwo isolation methods for essential oil from rosemary leaves: Hydrodistillation and microwavehydrodiffusion and gravity. Food chemistry 114(1), 355-362.Braghetta A, DiGiano FA, Ball WP. 1997. Nanofiltration of natural organic matter: pH and ionicstrength effects. Journal of Environmental Engineering 123, 628–41.BREF 2003, Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, Reference Document on Common WasteWater and Waste Gas Treatment/Management System in Chemical Sector.Bugge, T.V., Jørgensen, M.K., Christensen, M.L., Keiding, K. 2012. Modeling cake buildup underTMP-step filtration in a membrane bioreactor: Cake compressibility is significant. WaterResearch 46, 4330-4338Buntner, D., Sánchez, A., Garrido, J.M. 2011. Three stages MBR (methanogenic, aerobic biofilmand membrane filtration) for the treatment of low-strength wastewaters. Water Science andTechnology 64(2), 397-402.Chang, I-S., Lee, C.-H. 1998. Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane coupled activatedsludge system—the effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling.Desalination 120, 221–33.Choo, K.H., Lee, C.H. 1996. Effect of anaerobic digestion broth composition on membranepermeability. Water Science and Technology 34, 173–179.Choo, K.H., Lee, C.H. 1998. Hydrodynamic Behaviour of Anaerobic Biosolids During CrossflowFiltration in the Membrane Anaerobic Bioreactor. Water Research 32, 3387.Choo, K. H.; Kang, I. J.; Yoon, S. H.; Park, H.; Kim, J. H.; Adlya, S.; Lee, C. H. 2000. Approaches toMembrane Fouling Control in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors. Water Science andTechnology 41(10–11), 363.de la Torre, T., Lesjean, B., Drews, A., Kraume, M. 2008. Monitoring of transparent exopolymerparticles (TEP) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and correlation with other fouling indicators.Water Science and Technology 58(10), 1903-1910.Drews, A. 2010. Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors—Characterisation, contradictions,cause and cures. Journal of Membrane Science 363, 1–28.Fang, H.H.P., Shi, X., Zhang, T. 2006. Effect of activated carbon on fouling of activated sludgefiltration. Desalination 189, 193–199.He, Y., Xu, P., Li, C., Zhang, B., 2005. High-concentration food wastewater treatment by ananaerobic membrane bioreactor. Water Research 39, 4110-4118.Ho, J., Sung, S. 2010. Methanogenic activities in anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR)treating synthetic municipal wastewater. Bioresource Technology 101(7), 2191-2196.Hong, S.P., Bae, T.H., Tak, T.M., Hong, S., Randall, A. 2002. Fouling control in activated sludgesubmerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactors. Desalination 143, 219–228.Hu, Y., Stuckey, D.C. 2007. Activated carbon addition to a submerged anaerobic membranebioreactor: effect on performance, transmembrane pressure, and flux. Journal ofEnvironmental Engineering 133, 73–80.192
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UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTE
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padres Macario y Marisa, les agrade
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2.1.2. Nitrogen compounds 662.1.2.1
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Chapter 4: Combining UASB and MBR f
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Objetivos y resumenEsta tesis se en
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Objetivos y resumenpermeabilidad de
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Objetivos y resumenuno de los pará
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Objetivos y resumenel sistema propu
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Objetivos y resumenconcentraciones
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Obxectivos e resumoauga tratada. O
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Obxectivos e resumoNo Capítulo 3,
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Obxectivos e resumog·L -1 , valore
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Obxectivos e resumoparámetros clav
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Objectives and summaryThis thesis i
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Objectives and summaryOn the basis
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Objectives and summaryfrom the MBR
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Objectives and summaryconsidering t
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Chapter 1IntroductionSummaryIn this
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IntroductionThe combination of memb
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IntroductionThe membranes should ha
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Introductionof water. Energy saving
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number of plants (cum. values)Intro
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IntroductionSubmerged MBR system in
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Introductionchanges of the foulant
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Introductionof 2% NaOH and 0.5% cit
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IntroductionFigure 1.8. Posible rel
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IntroductionSide-stream MBRs involv
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Introductionutilizes the advantages
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Introductionmeans of settlers, of s
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IntroductionUASB, achieving total n
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IntroductionEvenblij, H., van der G
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IntroductionMtinch, E.V., Ban, K.,
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IntroductionYang, S., Yang, F., Fu,
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Chapter 22.1. Liquid phaseIn this s
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Chapter 2where:M fas: molarity of F
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Acetic Acid (mg·L -1 )Chapter 2VFA
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N-NO 2-(mg·L -1 )Chapter 22.1.2.2.
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N-NO 3-(mg·L -1 )Chapter 2interfer
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P-PO 43-(mg·L -1 )Chapter 2Interfe
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Chapter 2alkalinity (IA), which is
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Chapter 22.2.3. Sludge volumetric i
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Chapter 2eq. 2.10eq. 2.11eq. 2.12Th
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Carbohydrate (mg·L -1 )Chapter 2In
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TEP (mgXG·L -1 )Chapter 22.4.4.4.
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Chapter 2Ripley, L.E., Boyle, W.C.,
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Chapter 33.1. IntroductionIn recent
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Chapter 3same in both modules; tap
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Chapter 3phases were varied (table
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Chapter 3to time was higher than 10
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COD removal (%)Chapter 3120100Perio
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DTN and N-NH 4+ (mg·L-1 )DTN and N
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Chapter 3operated with high MLTSS c
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TMP (kPa)TMP (kPa)TMP (kPa)TMP (kPa
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SMP carbohydrates (mg·L -1 )Chapte
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Volume (%)Chapter 3Therefore, the c
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Chapter 3identical to that of the c
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Chapter 3Massé, A. Spérandio, M.,
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Chapter 44.1. IntroductionThe appli
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Chapter 4support were added in this
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Chapter 4This cleaning was performe
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COD (mg·L -1 )COD removal (%)OLR (
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Chapter 4the recirculation ratio be
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(mg·L -1 )Chapter 4and ammonium) n
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Chapter 4recirculation from the MBR
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Chapter 4days 57 (period I) and 316
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Chapter 4excellent COD removal perf
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Chapter 4Rosenberger, S., Evenblij,
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Chapter 55.1. IntroductionAnaerobic
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Chapter 55.3. Material and methods5
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Chapter 5represented an increment o
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Chapter 5operating with similar mem
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Chapter 5behaviour might be related
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Page 194 and 195: OLR and ORR(kgCOD ·m -3·d -1 )pHO
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Page 223 and 224: List of symbolsHFHRTHyVABHollow Fib
Page 225 and 226: List of symbolsFR/J Normalized Foul
Page 227 and 228: List of publicationsBrand, C., Sán
Page 229: List of publicationsConference on E
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