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IADIS International Conference <strong>WWW</strong>/<strong>Internet</strong> 2010Table 3. Construct validity and reliability measuresGroup Comparison KMO BartlettSphericityCronbach’sAlphaP-Value χ 2 /df RAMSEARecommended >0.5 0.90 >0.90International0.951 0.851 0.946 0.950National0.935 0.901 0.995 0.943DependentVariableBehavioralIntentionUseBehavioralTable 5. T Test and P Values for participantgroupsT-testP-ValueNational 2.49
ISBN: 978-972-8939-25-0 © 2010 IADIScondition and reduction in the amount of effort expectancy for ELS user enhances the acceptance and use oftechnology. This agrees with the finding of Tibenderana & Ogao [23] that library end-users in the universityaccept and use electronic library system. The difference in acceptance between the two is mostly attributed tofacilitating condition which is the most important construct for the two groups. A plausible explanation isthat the facilitating condition includes the generality of all the assistance and supports that foster usage ratherthan just external controls related to the environment; therefore, use behavior cannot occur if objectiveconditions in the environment prevent it [24] or if the facilitating conditions make the behavior difficult. Thisis consistent with the empirical studies of Thompson et al [22] and others [25, 26] who found the direct effectof facilitating condition on usage behavior. International students need to be provided with some additionalassistance which national students might require. This assistance includes training and librarian assistance,especially at the early stages of their enrolment. This was explained by Neuman [20] statement which statesthat there is a basic difference between structures inherent in ELS and conceptual structures that studentsbring to searching: these differences are so compelling that they seriously hamper students. Most of thenational participants of this research also did their undergraduate degrees in the university and therefore haveworking knowledge of the ELS.Table 6. Comparison of national and international model contributionsConstructs International(N=58) National(N=58) No. of QuestionsAskedPE 0.50 0.30 4 4EE 0.52 0.52 6 5SI 0.12 0.02 3 2FC 0.78 0.76 6 2BI 0.25 0.25 3 2UB 3 2Table 7. Comparison international student and national students modelsModel Behavioral Intention Use Behavior TotalInternational 25% 66% 91%National 25% 73% 98%No. of QuestionsRetainedH2: Social Influence will be an important predictor for international students when moderated bynationalityThis hypothesis is also supported; social influence shows a more significant effect on behavioral intent forinternational students than national students with a prediction of 12% and 2% respectively. This is expectedsince international students are likely to move in groups and therefore are easily influenced to use this systemby people that matter to them in the environment. This can, to an extent, be likened to the effect offacilitating condition; the groups function as a motivator and can provide necessary assistance especially forthose that are new to the system. Practically, the results of this study suggest that organizations should usedifferent strategies in motivating the use of a new technology for different situations/groups. For someinformation systems whose usage is mandatory, those factors contributing to Social Influence such as theinstructors/supervisor's prodding might work. However, when the usage is voluntary, like the case of ELS,the managers might want to think of better ways to promote usage. Though social influence is a factor for allstudents but show stronger effect for international students, the effect is greatly reduced when moderated byexperience and training, and therefore should not be used as a strong motivator. This is consistent withprevious studies (e.g., Venkatesh & Davis [25]); the effect of SI to BI is significant under mandatory andinexperienced use situationsH3: Facilitating condition mediated by Nationality will demonstrate more effect on Use behavior forinternational studentsThis is only partially supported with 78% and 76% prediction for international and national studentsrespectively. This shows that irrespective of nationality, facilitating condition is still crucial. Our initialassertion that facilitating condition will not be as important for national students owing to the availability ofalternatives including resources from friends and families seems to be wrong. This can possibly be explainedby the fact that the University invests considerable amount of resources to provide both online, offline andremote access to the ELS, so international students as well as national students still exhibit use behavior on86
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IADIS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEWWW/I
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Copyright 2010IADIS PressAll rights
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HOTLINK VISUALIZER: ADDING HOTLINKS
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THE ROLE OF WEB-BASED COLLABORATIVE
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DOCTORAL CONSORTIUMTOWARDS A DOMAIN
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‣ Services, Architectures and Web
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Ciprian Dobre, University Politehni
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Runa Jesmin, University Of London,
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Jang, C. ..........................
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