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IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 20102. RELATED RESEARCH2.1 Ontology EngineeringAs described in [1] and [5] a series of approaches have been reported for developing ontologies so far. Here anumber of these approaches are listed chronologically.Table 1. Ontology engineering methodologiesYear, MethodologyLiterature1990, Cyc [6]1995, TOVE [7],[8],[9]1996, KACTUS [10],[11]1996, METHONTOLOGY [12],[13],[14]1997, SENSUS [15]2001, On-To-Knowledge [16]2005, DILIGENT [4]2005, HCOME [19]2.2 Semantic Interoperability in e-governmentAs described in [2] a number of generic ontologies for public administration have been developed in majorsemantic interoperability-related projects, particularly among the European Commission's IST projects. E.g.,within the SemanticGov project (http://www.semantic-gov.org) a reference model of the E-Governmentdomain, called Governance Enterprise Architecture (GEA), including an ontology for E-Governmentservices, was developed. An ontology for the conceptualization of E-Government services was alsodeveloped within the SmartGov project (http://smartgov.e-gov.gr). Similar efforts were made within theAccess-eGov project (http://www.accessegov.org). Moreover, the OntoGov project (www.ontogov.com)delivers a set of ontologies for modeling E-Government services, including a Legal ontology to describe legaldocuments, a Service ontology to describe public services, a Lifecycle ontology to describe informationflows and decision-making processes in public administration as well as a Web Service orchestrationontology.A rather pragmatic approach to model ontologies in the E-Government domain so that they can be easilyused to assist a citizen in formally expressing a goal that can in turn be used for public service discovery isdescribed in [3].2.3 Legal OntologiesA detailed discussion of related research in this field can be found in [20] and [22].423