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Table 8.2 Early childhood mortality rates by socio-economic characteristicsNeonatal, postneonatal, infant, child, and under-five mortality rates for the 10-year periodpreceding the survey, by background characteristics, Swaziland 2006-07BackgroundcharacteristicNeonatalmortality(NN)Postneonatalmortality 1(PNN)Infantmortality( 1 q 0 )Childmortality( 4 q 1 )Under-fivemortality( 5 q 0 )ResidenceUrban 21 53 74 36 107Rural 23 54 78 30 105RegionHhohho 24 47 71 27 96Manzini 33 49 82 33 112Shiselweni 16 60 76 26 100Lubombo 15 63 78 39 115Mother's educationNo education 12 84 96 61 151Lower primary 6 29 35 45 78Higher primary 29 58 87 31 115Secondary 27 49 75 29 102High school 25 59 83 15 97Tertiary 16 32 48 5 53Wealth quintileLowest 17 68 84 37 118Second 35 36 71 30 99Middle 16 50 65 34 97Fourth 18 61 79 37 114Highest 29 55 84 18 1011Computed as the difference between the infant and neonatal mortality ratesAs expected, a mother’s education is inversely related to a child’s risk of dying. Under-fivemortality among children born to mothers with no education (151 deaths per 1,000 live births) isalmost three times as high as that of children born to mothers with tertiary education (53 deaths per1,000 live births). The relationship between wealth and mortality is not consistent, although childrenborn to mothers in the highest wealth quintile are at much lower risk of dying between their first andfifth birthday than children born to mothers in the other quintiles.<strong>Demographic</strong> DifferentialsThe demographic characteristics of both mother and child have been found to play animportant role in the survival probability of children. Table 8.3 presents early childhood mortalityrates by demographic characteristics (i.e., sex of child, mother’s age at birth, birth order, previousbirth interval, and birth size). The data show little difference in mortality between male and femalechildren. Typically, the relationship between maternal age at birth and childhood mortality isgenerally U-shaped, being relatively higher among children born to mothers under age 20 and overage 40 than among mothers in the middle age groups (Table 8.3). This pattern is not present inSwaziland. While mortality rates do not vary much for children born to women under age 40, births towomen age 40 and older have much higher mortality risks than births to younger women. The birthorder of the child also has little influence on Swazi children’s mortality risks.Studies have found that short birth intervals significantly reduce a child’s chance of survival.However, in Swaziland, children born within three years of a preceding birth have lower survival ratesthan children born with both a shorter or longer interval after the previous birth. A child’s birth weightis also an important determinant of its survival chances. In the 2006-07 SDHS survey, mothers wereasked whether their child was very large, larger than average, average, smaller than average, or smallat birth since this has been found to be a good proxy for a child’s weight. As expected, smaller babieshave higher mortality rates than babies who are reported to be average or larger than average. Forexample, neonatal mortality for children regarded as very small or small is twice that of childrenreported as average or large in size.Infant and Child Mortality | 111
Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality rates by demographic characteristicsNeonatal, postneonatal, infant, child, and under-five mortality rates for the 10-yearperiod preceding the survey, by demographic characteristics, Swaziland 2006-07<strong>Demographic</strong>characteristicNeonatalmortality(NN)Postneonatalmortality 1(PNN)Infantmortality( 1 q 0 )Childmortality( 4 q 1 )Under-fivemortality( 5 q 0 )Child's sexMale 23 58 80 30 108Female 23 50 73 32 103Mother's age at birth
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12.1.3 Prompt Treatment of Fever in
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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Table 13.8.1 Multiple sexual partne
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Figure 16.1 Number of Decisions in
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PREFACEThis detailed report present
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of family
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laria is also seasonal, occurring m
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xxviii | Map of Swaziland
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Because of the anonymous nature of
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HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING2CH
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given. Households in Swaziland are
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Table 2.3.2 Educational attainment
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Table 2.4 shows that for both boys
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The dropout rates are higher for bo
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2.4.2 Household Sanitation Faciliti
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Table 2.8—ContinuedHousingHouseho
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Table 2.10 Household possessionsPer
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Table 2.11 presents the percentage
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Table 3.1.1 Background characterist
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3.2 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY BACKG
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women 15-49Pe
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Table 3.3.4 Literacy: Older adults
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Table 3.4.2 Exposure to mass media:
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The pattern of exposure to mass med
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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Table 3.5.2 Employment status: Men
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3.6 OCCUPATIONRespondents who were
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Table 3.6.3 shows the percent distr
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Six in ten women and 72 percent of
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for women in the age group 30-34 (1
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Nonetheless, the results in Table 4
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4.6 BIRTH INTERVALSA birth interval
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Overall, 6 percent of women age 25-
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Page 85 and 86: Table 5.1 Knowledge of contraceptiv
Page 87 and 88: 62 | Family PlanningTable 5.3.1 Eve
Page 89 and 90: Table 5.3.2 Ever use of contracepti
Page 91 and 92: Figure 5.2 compares the modern cont
Page 93 and 94: 9080706050403020100Figure 5.3 Contr
Page 95 and 96: Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
Page 97 and 98: consistent, asking informants in th
Page 99 and 100: Table 5.13 Informed choiceAmong cur
Page 101 and 102: 5.14 PREFERRED METHOD OF CONTRACEPT
Page 103 and 104: Table 5.17.2 Exposure to family pla
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.19 Husband/partner's knowle
Page 107 and 108: OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
Page 109 and 110: Table 6.2 Polygyny: Women and men a
Page 111 and 112: Table 6.4 Age at first marriage: Wo
Page 113 and 114: Eleven percent of women age 25-49 h
Page 115 and 116: The data for men show a different p
Page 117 and 118: Table 6.10.2 Recent sexual activity
Page 119 and 120: Women who gave birth three years pr
Page 121 and 122: FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7Dudu Dlamini
Page 123 and 124: Table 7.2.1 Desire to limit childbe
Page 125 and 126: Overall, unmet need does not vary i
Page 127 and 128: 7.5 MEAN IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN B
Page 129 and 130: The total wanted fertility rate and
Page 131 and 132: Tables C.4-C.6 in Appendix C can be
Page 133: Figure 8.2 Neonatal, Postneonatal,
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Page 139 and 140: Table 9.1 Antenatal care providerPe
Page 141 and 142: Table 9.3 Components of antenatal c
Page 143 and 144: While older women of higher parity
Page 145 and 146: Table 9.6 Assistance during deliver
Page 147 and 148: Table 9.7 Timing of first postnatal
Page 149 and 150: accessing health services. Other li
Page 151 and 152: 10.2.1 Collection of DataThe 2006-0
Page 153 and 154: PercentFigure 10.1 Trend in Vaccina
Page 155 and 156: Table 10.4 presents the proportions
Page 157 and 158: Table 10.5 Prevalence of diarrhoeaP
Page 159 and 160: Antibiotics and other medications a
Page 161 and 162: 10.5 KNOWLEDGE OF ORS PACKETSAs dis
Page 163 and 164: NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS 11
Page 165 and 166: Table 11.1—ContinuedBackgroundcha
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Page 169 and 170: SDHS by asking mothers about the fo
Page 171 and 172: Table 11.4 Median duration and freq
Page 173 and 174: The results in Table 11.5 document
Page 175 and 176: Figure 11.2 Percentage of Children
Page 177 and 178: years and above. Severe anaemia, wh
Page 179 and 180: Table 11.8.2—ContinuedBackgroundc
Page 181 and 182: Table 11.9 Micronutrient intake amo
Page 183 and 184: iodized salt. Manzini had the lowes
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directly related to household wealt
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The results in Table 11.12.2 indica
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11.12 MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE AMONG MO
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MALARIA AND OTHER HEALTH ISSUES 12A
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Tables 12.2 and 12.3 provide inform
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Table 12.4 provides information on
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12.1.4 Indoor Residual SprayingIndo
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Slightly less than two-thirds of me
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Table 12.9.2 Health insurance cover
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Table 12.10.2 Knowledge and attitud
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of HIV prevent
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Table 13.3.1 Comprehensive knowledg
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Table 13.4 shows that a relatively
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Table 13.5.2 Accepting attitudes to
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13.6 ATTITUDES TOWARDS CONDOM EDUCA
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Table 13.8.2 Multiple sexual partne
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Consistent use of condoms requires,
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Table 13.11.2 Coverage of prior HIV
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Table 13.13 Pregnant women counsell
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100Figure 13.1 Women and Men Seekin
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administered injections with a syri
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13.11.2 Knowledge of Condom Sources
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Table 13.20 Condom use at first sex
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Table 13.22.1 Higher-risk sexual in
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wealth quintile, especially among w
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13.11.9 HIV Testing and Counselling
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Table 14.1 Coverage of HIV testing
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Table 14.2 Coverage of HIV testing
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Looking at the age pattern, Table 1
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The HIV epidemic also exhibits some
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Table 14.6.1 HIV prevalence by demo
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As expected, men who sleep away fro
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Table 14.7.2 HIV prevalence by sexu
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Table 14.7.3 HIV prevalence by sexu
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The uptake of HIV testing in Swazil
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Table 14.11 HIV prevalence by backg
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14.6 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG COUPLESBo
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Of the 25,594 siblings reported in
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The results in Table 15.3 indicate
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“no” to this question were aske
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Older women and women with more chi
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Table 16.3 Women's control over the
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Figure 16.1 Number of Decisions in
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Differentials by region and wealth
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Table 16.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
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There are small differences by back
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Table 16.9 Current use of contracep
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Table 16.11 Reproductive health car
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 17A
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Table 17.2 Orphans and vulnerable c
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There is only a minor difference in
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Table 17.6 Underweight orphans and
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17.8 WIDOWS DISPOSSESSED OFPROPERTY
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17.10 EXTERNAL SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS
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18.1 CAREGIVERTable 18.1 shows the
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Some parents or guardians take the
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Girls and boys age 12-14 were asked
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Figure 18.2 shows the percentage of
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Table 18.7 Exposure to information
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Table 18.9 Places for information a
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18.7 KNOWLEDGE OF HIV/AIDS HELP LIN
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When asked if they had discussed th
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REFERENCESAuvert, B., D. Taljaard,
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAppendix ATabl
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Table A.3 Sample implementation: Gi
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: Wo
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORSAppendi
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Sampling errors are analyzed for tw
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Table B.1—Continued--------------
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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EFFECT OF NONRESPONSE ON THESDHS HI
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2006-07SWAZ
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Mr. Musa DlaminiMr. Patrick Makhubu
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2006 SWAZILAND DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEAL
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LINENO.IF AGE 18-59YEARSIF AGE 0-17
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LINENO.IF AGE 5 YEARS OR OLDERIF AG
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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1ST SICK PERSON 2ND SICK PERSON 3RD
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NAME 1ST DEATH NAME 2ND DEATH NAME
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405 RECORD NAMES, LINE NUMBERS AND
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CONSENT STATEMENT FOR ANAEMIA FOR C
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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CONSENT STATEMENT FOR ANAEMIA TEST
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HAEMOGLOBIN MEASURE
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WOMAN 4 WOMAN 5 WOMAN 6524 LINE NUM
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We are asking children like you to
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HAEMOGLOBIN MEASURE
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MAN 1 MAN 2 MAN 3544 LINE NUMBER LI
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211 Now I would like to record the
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION301 Now I w
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SECTION 4. PREGNANCY, POSTNATAL CAR
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO- SECOND-FROM-LAS
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SECTION 5. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH, AN
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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SECTION 6. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 9. HIV/AIDSNO. QUESTIONS AN
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SECTION 10. OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
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SECTION 12. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. Q
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INSTRUCTIONS:ONLY ONE CODE SHOULD A
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION301 Now I w
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONSTO BE FIL
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUNDI
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SECTION 2. CARE AND PROTECTIONNO. Q
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SECTION 4. KNOWLEDGE OF AIDSNO. QUE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUNDI
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SECTION 4. HIV/AIDSNO. QUESTIONS AN
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SECTION 5. OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITT
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