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Table 2.4 School attendance ratiosNet attendance ratios (NAR) and gross attendance ratios (GAR) for the de facto household population by sex and level ofschooling; and the gender parity index (GPI), according to background characteristics, Swaziland 2006-07Net attendance ratio 1 Gross attendance ratio 2GenderBackgroundcharacteristic Male Female TotalParityIndex 3 Male Female TotalPRIMARY SCHOOLGenderParityIndex 3ResidenceUrban 87.7 84.6 86.1 0.96 113.0 99.7 106.1 0.88Rural 82.1 85.7 83.9 1.05 125.0 118.6 121.8 0.95RegionHhohho 82.0 89.2 85.6 1.09 123.7 117.5 120.6 0.95Manzini 89.5 87.6 88.5 0.98 126.5 118.0 122.2 0.93Shiselweni 75.5 80.5 77.9 1.07 112.7 110.5 111.6 0.98Lubombo 83.8 84.4 84.1 1.01 131.5 116.2 123.8 0.88Wealth quintileLowest 73.4 79.8 76.6 1.09 118.3 113.7 116.0 0.96Second 84.2 84.8 84.5 1.01 126.6 117.4 121.9 0.93Middle 83.7 88.6 86.1 1.06 126.1 120.7 123.5 0.96Fourth 85.6 88.4 87.0 1.03 127.5 117.5 122.5 0.92Highest 91.6 88.0 89.8 0.96 117.2 106.9 112.0 0.91Total 82.9 85.6 84.2 1.03 123.3 115.7 119.5 0.94SECONDARY SCHOOLResidenceUrban 52.2 54.2 53.2 1.04 83.1 83.9 83.5 1.01Rural 27.1 38.1 32.5 1.41 54.1 55.5 54.8 1.03RegionHhohho 32.1 43.5 37.7 1.36 58.5 63.9 61.1 1.09Manzini 35.7 42.7 39.3 1.20 67.9 61.3 64.5 0.90Shiselweni 30.3 39.1 34.6 1.29 57.8 58.6 58.2 1.01Lubombo 22.7 35.1 28.6 1.55 45.1 53.8 49.2 1.19Wealth quintileLowest 11.7 20.2 15.9 1.73 27.2 29.9 28.5 1.10Second 25.8 29.8 27.8 1.16 51.8 45.0 48.5 0.87Middle 26.6 43.4 34.8 1.63 58.0 60.5 59.2 1.04Fourth 35.7 48.5 42.1 1.36 64.2 76.6 70.4 1.19Highest 59.5 61.2 60.4 1.03 97.4 87.7 92.3 0.90Total 30.7 40.5 35.6 1.32 58.2 59.8 59.0 1.031The NAR for primary school is the percentage of the primary-school-age (6-12 years) population that is attending primaryschool. The NAR for secondary school is the percentage of the secondary-school-age (13-17 years) population that isattending secondary school. By definition the NAR cannot exceed 100 percent.2The GAR for primary school is the total number of primary school students, expressed as a percentage of the officialprimary-school-age population. The GAR for secondary school is the total number of secondary school students, expressedas a percentage of the official secondary-school-age population. If there are significant numbers of overage and underagestudents at a given level of schooling, the GAR can exceed 100 percent.3The GPI for primary school is the ratio of the primary school NAR (GAR) for females to the NAR (GAR) for males. The GPIfor secondary school is the ratio of the secondary school NAR (GAR) for females to the NAR (GAR) for males.The gender parity index (GPI) assesses sex-related differences in school attendance rates and iscalculated by dividing the GAR for females by the GAR for males. A GPI of less than one indicates agender disparity in favour of males, i.e., a higher proportion of males than females attends that level ofschooling. A GPI greater than one indicates a gender disparity in favour of females. A GPI of oneindicates parity or equality between the rates of participation for males and females.14 | Household Population and Housing Characteristics
Table 2.4 shows that for both boys and girls at primary school level, the overall net attendanceratio (NAR) is 84 percent; 83 percent for males and 86 percent for females. For males, those living inurban areas are much more likely to attend school than rural residents (88 percent compared with 82percent). For females, however, attendance in the rural and urban areas is similar (86 percent and 85percent, respectively).It is worth noting that the GARs for both boys and girls at primary-school level are much higherthan 100, signifying that the number of primary-school students of any age is larger than the officialprimary-school-age population. Across all subgroups of population, the GAR for boys is higher than forgirls. The GPI for the GAR is consistently less than one, implying more boys are outside the primaryschoolage range.At secondary level, the NARs are very low (36 percent); 31 percent for boys and 41 percent forgirls. The ratio is lowest for boys in the rural areas (27 percent), in Lubombo (23 percent), and in thelowest wealth quintile (12 percent). The GPI for NAR at secondary school is 1.32, implying that girls ofsecondary-school age are more likely than boys in the same age group to attend secondary school. GAR atsecondary level is only 59 percent, which implies that there is a significant number of secondary-schoolageboys and girls who are not attending secondary school.Figure 2.2 illustrates age-specific attendance rates. This includes the percentage of population age5-24 years who attend school, regardless of the level attended (primary, secondary, or higher).Figure 2.2 Age-specific Attendance Rates of the De-FactoPopulation 5 to 24 Years80)'' ' ' '') ) ) ')) ))')')')60')100 Percent Male Female40)'')'))200'' ))')'' )'5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24) 'SDHS 2006-072.3.3 Grade Repetition and Dropout RatesRepetition and dropout rates presented in Table 2.5 describe the flow of pupils through theeducational system in Swaziland at the primary level. The repetition rates indicate the percentage ofpupils who attended a particular grade during the school year that started in 2004 who again attended thatHousehold Population and Housing Characteristics | 15
Page 8: 12.1.3 Prompt Treatment of Fever in
Page 12: Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
Page 16 and 17: Table 13.8.1 Multiple sexual partne
Page 18 and 19: Figure 16.1 Number of Decisions in
Page 20 and 21: PREFACEThis detailed report present
Page 22 and 23: FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of family
Page 24 and 25: laria is also seasonal, occurring m
Page 26: xxviii | Map of Swaziland
Page 33 and 34: Because of the anonymous nature of
Page 35 and 36: HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING2CH
Page 37 and 38: given. Households in Swaziland are
Page 39: Table 2.3.2 Educational attainment
Page 43 and 44: The dropout rates are higher for bo
Page 45 and 46: 2.4.2 Household Sanitation Faciliti
Page 47 and 48: Table 2.8—ContinuedHousingHouseho
Page 49 and 50: Table 2.10 Household possessionsPer
Page 51 and 52: Table 2.11 presents the percentage
Page 53 and 54: Table 3.1.1 Background characterist
Page 55 and 56: 3.2 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY BACKG
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women 15-49Pe
Page 59 and 60: Table 3.3.4 Literacy: Older adults
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.4.2 Exposure to mass media:
Page 63 and 64: The pattern of exposure to mass med
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.5.2 Employment status: Men
Page 69 and 70: 3.6 OCCUPATIONRespondents who were
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.6.3 shows the percent distr
Page 73 and 74: Six in ten women and 72 percent of
Page 75 and 76: for women in the age group 30-34 (1
Page 77 and 78: Nonetheless, the results in Table 4
Page 79 and 80: 4.6 BIRTH INTERVALSA birth interval
Page 81 and 82: Overall, 6 percent of women age 25-
Page 83 and 84: There are notable regional differen
Page 85 and 86: Table 5.1 Knowledge of contraceptiv
Page 87 and 88: 62 | Family PlanningTable 5.3.1 Eve
Page 89 and 90: Table 5.3.2 Ever use of contracepti
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Figure 5.2 compares the modern cont
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9080706050403020100Figure 5.3 Contr
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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consistent, asking informants in th
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Table 5.13 Informed choiceAmong cur
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5.14 PREFERRED METHOD OF CONTRACEPT
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Table 5.17.2 Exposure to family pla
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Table 5.19 Husband/partner's knowle
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OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
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Table 6.2 Polygyny: Women and men a
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Table 6.4 Age at first marriage: Wo
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Eleven percent of women age 25-49 h
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The data for men show a different p
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Table 6.10.2 Recent sexual activity
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Women who gave birth three years pr
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7Dudu Dlamini
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Table 7.2.1 Desire to limit childbe
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Overall, unmet need does not vary i
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7.5 MEAN IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN B
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The total wanted fertility rate and
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Tables C.4-C.6 in Appendix C can be
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Figure 8.2 Neonatal, Postneonatal,
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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common single high-risk category is
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Table 9.1 Antenatal care providerPe
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Table 9.3 Components of antenatal c
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While older women of higher parity
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Table 9.6 Assistance during deliver
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Table 9.7 Timing of first postnatal
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accessing health services. Other li
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10.2.1 Collection of DataThe 2006-0
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PercentFigure 10.1 Trend in Vaccina
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Table 10.4 presents the proportions
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Table 10.5 Prevalence of diarrhoeaP
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Antibiotics and other medications a
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10.5 KNOWLEDGE OF ORS PACKETSAs dis
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NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS 11
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Table 11.1—ContinuedBackgroundcha
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during the first three days after b
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SDHS by asking mothers about the fo
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Table 11.4 Median duration and freq
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The results in Table 11.5 document
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Figure 11.2 Percentage of Children
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years and above. Severe anaemia, wh
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Table 11.8.2—ContinuedBackgroundc
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Table 11.9 Micronutrient intake amo
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iodized salt. Manzini had the lowes
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directly related to household wealt
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The results in Table 11.12.2 indica
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11.12 MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE AMONG MO
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MALARIA AND OTHER HEALTH ISSUES 12A
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Tables 12.2 and 12.3 provide inform
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Table 12.4 provides information on
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12.1.4 Indoor Residual SprayingIndo
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Slightly less than two-thirds of me
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Table 12.9.2 Health insurance cover
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Table 12.10.2 Knowledge and attitud
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of HIV prevent
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Table 13.3.1 Comprehensive knowledg
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Table 13.4 shows that a relatively
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Table 13.5.2 Accepting attitudes to
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13.6 ATTITUDES TOWARDS CONDOM EDUCA
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Table 13.8.2 Multiple sexual partne
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Consistent use of condoms requires,
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Table 13.11.2 Coverage of prior HIV
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Table 13.13 Pregnant women counsell
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100Figure 13.1 Women and Men Seekin
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administered injections with a syri
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13.11.2 Knowledge of Condom Sources
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Table 13.20 Condom use at first sex
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Table 13.22.1 Higher-risk sexual in
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wealth quintile, especially among w
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13.11.9 HIV Testing and Counselling
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Table 14.1 Coverage of HIV testing
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Table 14.2 Coverage of HIV testing
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Looking at the age pattern, Table 1
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The HIV epidemic also exhibits some
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Table 14.6.1 HIV prevalence by demo
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As expected, men who sleep away fro
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Table 14.7.2 HIV prevalence by sexu
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Table 14.7.3 HIV prevalence by sexu
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The uptake of HIV testing in Swazil
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Table 14.11 HIV prevalence by backg
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14.6 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG COUPLESBo
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Of the 25,594 siblings reported in
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The results in Table 15.3 indicate
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“no” to this question were aske
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Older women and women with more chi
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Table 16.3 Women's control over the
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Figure 16.1 Number of Decisions in
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Differentials by region and wealth
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Table 16.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
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There are small differences by back
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Table 16.9 Current use of contracep
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Table 16.11 Reproductive health car
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 17A
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Table 17.2 Orphans and vulnerable c
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There is only a minor difference in
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Table 17.6 Underweight orphans and
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17.8 WIDOWS DISPOSSESSED OFPROPERTY
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17.10 EXTERNAL SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS
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18.1 CAREGIVERTable 18.1 shows the
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Some parents or guardians take the
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Girls and boys age 12-14 were asked
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Figure 18.2 shows the percentage of
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Table 18.7 Exposure to information
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Table 18.9 Places for information a
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18.7 KNOWLEDGE OF HIV/AIDS HELP LIN
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When asked if they had discussed th
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REFERENCESAuvert, B., D. Taljaard,
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAppendix ATabl
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Table A.3 Sample implementation: Gi
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: Wo
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORSAppendi
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Sampling errors are analyzed for tw
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Table B.1—Continued--------------
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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EFFECT OF NONRESPONSE ON THESDHS HI
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2006-07SWAZ
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Mr. Musa DlaminiMr. Patrick Makhubu
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2006 SWAZILAND DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEAL
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LINENO.IF AGE 18-59YEARSIF AGE 0-17
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LINENO.IF AGE 5 YEARS OR OLDERIF AG
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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1ST SICK PERSON 2ND SICK PERSON 3RD
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NAME 1ST DEATH NAME 2ND DEATH NAME
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405 RECORD NAMES, LINE NUMBERS AND
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CONSENT STATEMENT FOR ANAEMIA FOR C
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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CONSENT STATEMENT FOR ANAEMIA TEST
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HAEMOGLOBIN MEASURE
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WOMAN 4 WOMAN 5 WOMAN 6524 LINE NUM
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We are asking children like you to
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HAEMOGLOBIN MEASURE
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MAN 1 MAN 2 MAN 3544 LINE NUMBER LI
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211 Now I would like to record the
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION301 Now I w
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SECTION 4. PREGNANCY, POSTNATAL CAR
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO- SECOND-FROM-LAS
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SECTION 5. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH, AN
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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SECTION 6. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 9. HIV/AIDSNO. QUESTIONS AN
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SECTION 10. OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
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SECTION 12. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. Q
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INSTRUCTIONS:ONLY ONE CODE SHOULD A
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION301 Now I w
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONSTO BE FIL
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUNDI
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SECTION 2. CARE AND PROTECTIONNO. Q
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SECTION 4. KNOWLEDGE OF AIDSNO. QUE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUNDI
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SECTION 4. HIV/AIDSNO. QUESTIONS AN
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SECTION 5. OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITT
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