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Boys are somewhat less likely than girls to have all three basic material needs met (69 percentand 73 percent, respectively). Children in rural areas are less likely to have all basic needs met comparedwith children in urban areas (68 percent and 86 percent, respectively). Children in the highest wealthquintile were twice as likely as children in the lowest quintile to have all basic needs met.The table further shows that OVCs are lesslikely to have basic material needs met than non-OVCs(61 percent and 77 percent, respectively). Examining theratio of the percentage of children with basic needs metshows that the inequalities between OVCs and non-OVCs are greater among children age 5-9 years andchildren age 10-14 years than among children age 15-17years. The gap between OVCs and non-OVCs is alsoless for urban children and children living in Manzinithan for other children. The gap between OVCs and non-OVCs with respect to the possession of basic materialneeds decreases with wealth.17.4 ORPHANS NOT LIVING WITH SIBLINGSSibling interrelationships may be very close insituations where a parent dies, and maintaining theserelationships can be helpful for children dealing with theloss of a parent. Table 17.5 presents information on theproportion of orphans under the age of 18 with one ormore siblings also under age 18 who are not living withall of these other siblings.Around three in ten orphans under the age of 18are not living with all their siblings under the age of 18years. The likelihood that an orphan is not living with allof his or her siblings increases with age. Maternalorphans are more likely to live apart from their siblingsthan paternal orphans or double orphans, i.e., childrenwhose mother and father are both deceased. Urbanorphans are somewhat more likely to be living apartfrom their siblings than rural orphans. The Shiselweniregion has the lowest percentage of orphans less than 18 years of age living away from other siblings (21percent). Orphans in the highest wealth quintile are more than twice as likely as those in the lowestquintile to live apart from their siblings.17.5 UNDERWEIGHT ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRENTable 17.5 Orphan not living with siblingsAmong orphans under age 18 years who have one ormore siblings under age 18 years, the percentage who donot live with all their siblings under age 18, by backgroundcharacteristics, Swaziland 2006-07BackgroundcharacteristicPercentage oforphans notliving with allsiblingsNumber oforphans withone or moresiblingsAge0-4 21.2 1275-9 20.8 45010-14 30.7 75515-17 36.7 430SexMale 29.2 870Female 28.7 891Orphanhood statusMaternal orphan 35.4 370Paternal orphan 23.9 1,087Both parents dead 39.0 304ResidenceUrban 34.3 191Rural 28.3 1,570RegionHhohho 33.0 362Manzini 30.0 534Shiselweni 21.4 497Lubombo 33.6 368Wealth quintileLowest 24.7 451Second 25.2 443Middle 25.4 399Fourth 35.2 275Highest 45.9 193Total 29.0 1,761Note: Table is based only on children who usually live inthe household.Table 17.6 shows the nutritional status of children under five years of age according toorphanhood status. The results indicate that OVCs are disadvantaged as compared to non-OVCs in termsof nutrition status. Overall, 11 percent of OVCs were underweight as compared with seven percent ofnon-OVCs. An examination of the ratios of the percentage underweight among OVCs compared withnon- OVCs indicates that, overall, the small numbers of urban OVCs and OVCs in the highest wealthquintile are the most disadvantaged compared to non-OVCs. The likelihood that OVCs are disadvantagedincreases with age. OVCs are more likely to be disadvantaged compared with non-OVCs if they are girlsthan if they are boys and if they live in Shiselweni and Lubombo than if they live in Manzini and Hhohho.268 | Orphans and Vulnerable Children
Table 17.6 Underweight orphans and vulnerable childrenPercentage of de jure children under age five years who slept in the household the night before who areunderweight, total and by OVC status, according to background characteristics, Swaziland 2006-07BackgroundcharacteristicPercentageof childrenunder 5who areunderweight 1NumberofchildrenUnderweight by OVC statusOVCPercentageunderweight 1Number ofOVCPercentageunderweightNon OVCNumber ofnon OVC Ratio 2Age< 1 year 3.8 514 3.3 67 3.9 446 0.841-2 years 10.2 1,135 14.8 186 9.3 948 1.593-4 years 6.7 1,210 9.9 255 5.9 955 1.69SexMale 7.3 1,421 8.8 274 7.0 1,147 1.25Female 7.8 1,437 13.2 235 6.8 1,203 1.94ResidenceUrban 4.5 466 17.0 50 3.0 416 5.67Rural 8.2 2,393 10.1 458 7.7 1,934 1.31RegionHhohho 8.9 736 11.9 118 8.3 617 1.44Manzini 7.6 851 10.1 156 7.1 695 1.43Shiselweni 7.7 727 12.0 135 6.7 591 1.78Lubombo 5.6 545 9.0 99 4.8 447 1.86Wealth quintileLowest 11.2 675 14.9 163 10.0 512 1.49Second 7.8 679 10.8 125 7.2 554 1.50Middle 6.7 560 7.6 99 6.5 461 1.16Fourth 6.6 527 7.6 92 6.3 435 1.20Highest 3.8 417 (9.2) 29 3.4 388 2.73Total 7.6 2,859 10.8 509 6.9 2,350 1.57Note: Table is based only on children who usually live in the household and who also slept in the household thenight preceding the interview. Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases.1Two or more standard deviations below mean on the WHO Child Growth Standards for weight for age2Ratio of the percentage for OVC to the percentage for non OVC17.6 EARLY SEXUAL INTERCOURSEOrphaned or vulnerable childrenmay be exposed to greater risks of sexualabuse and exploitation than non-OVCs. Inparticular, girls may be forced into the sextrade in exchange for shelter and protection,due to lack of adult or family guidance tohelp them protect themselves.Table 17.7 shows the percentage ofchildren who have had sexual intercoursebefore the age of 15 according to OVCstatus. The table shows that early sexualintercourse is more frequent among girls ifthey are OVCs than if they are non-OVCs.Among boys, however, the pattern isreversed. The ratio of the percentage ofOVCs to the percentage of non-OVCs is1.39 for girls compared with 0.77 for boys.Table 17.7 Sexual intercourse before age 15 by OVC statusPercentage of de jure children age 15-17 who had sexual intercoursebefore exact age 15 by OVC status, and ratio of the percentage for OVC tothe percentage for non OVC by OVC status, according to sex, Swaziland2006-07OVC statusWomenPercentagewho had sexualintercoursebefore exactage 15Number ofwomenMenPercentagewho had sexualintercoursebefore exactage 15Number ofmenOVC 9.0 323 4.2 352Non-OVC 6.4 440 5.4 504Total 7.5 763 4.9 856Ratio 1 1.39 na 0.77 naNote: Table is based only on children who usually live in the householdand who also slept in the household the night preceding the interview.na = Non applicable1Ratio of the percentage for OVC to the percentage for non OVCOrphans and Vulnerable Children | 269
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12.1.3 Prompt Treatment of Fever in
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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Table 13.8.1 Multiple sexual partne
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Figure 16.1 Number of Decisions in
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PREFACEThis detailed report present
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of family
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laria is also seasonal, occurring m
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xxviii | Map of Swaziland
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Because of the anonymous nature of
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HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING2CH
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given. Households in Swaziland are
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Table 2.3.2 Educational attainment
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Table 2.4 shows that for both boys
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The dropout rates are higher for bo
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2.4.2 Household Sanitation Faciliti
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Table 2.8—ContinuedHousingHouseho
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Table 2.10 Household possessionsPer
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Table 2.11 presents the percentage
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Table 3.1.1 Background characterist
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3.2 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY BACKG
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women 15-49Pe
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Table 3.3.4 Literacy: Older adults
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Table 3.4.2 Exposure to mass media:
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The pattern of exposure to mass med
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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Table 3.5.2 Employment status: Men
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3.6 OCCUPATIONRespondents who were
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Table 3.6.3 shows the percent distr
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Six in ten women and 72 percent of
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for women in the age group 30-34 (1
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Nonetheless, the results in Table 4
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4.6 BIRTH INTERVALSA birth interval
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Overall, 6 percent of women age 25-
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There are notable regional differen
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Table 5.1 Knowledge of contraceptiv
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62 | Family PlanningTable 5.3.1 Eve
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Table 5.3.2 Ever use of contracepti
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Figure 5.2 compares the modern cont
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9080706050403020100Figure 5.3 Contr
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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consistent, asking informants in th
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Table 5.13 Informed choiceAmong cur
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5.14 PREFERRED METHOD OF CONTRACEPT
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Table 5.17.2 Exposure to family pla
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Table 5.19 Husband/partner's knowle
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OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
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Table 6.2 Polygyny: Women and men a
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Table 6.4 Age at first marriage: Wo
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Eleven percent of women age 25-49 h
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The data for men show a different p
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Table 6.10.2 Recent sexual activity
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Women who gave birth three years pr
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7Dudu Dlamini
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Table 7.2.1 Desire to limit childbe
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Overall, unmet need does not vary i
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7.5 MEAN IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN B
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The total wanted fertility rate and
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Tables C.4-C.6 in Appendix C can be
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Figure 8.2 Neonatal, Postneonatal,
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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common single high-risk category is
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Table 9.1 Antenatal care providerPe
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Table 9.3 Components of antenatal c
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While older women of higher parity
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Table 9.6 Assistance during deliver
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Table 9.7 Timing of first postnatal
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accessing health services. Other li
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10.2.1 Collection of DataThe 2006-0
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PercentFigure 10.1 Trend in Vaccina
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Table 10.4 presents the proportions
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Table 10.5 Prevalence of diarrhoeaP
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Antibiotics and other medications a
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10.5 KNOWLEDGE OF ORS PACKETSAs dis
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NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS 11
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Table 11.1—ContinuedBackgroundcha
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during the first three days after b
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SDHS by asking mothers about the fo
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Table 11.4 Median duration and freq
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The results in Table 11.5 document
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Figure 11.2 Percentage of Children
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years and above. Severe anaemia, wh
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Table 11.8.2—ContinuedBackgroundc
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Table 11.9 Micronutrient intake amo
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iodized salt. Manzini had the lowes
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directly related to household wealt
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The results in Table 11.12.2 indica
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11.12 MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE AMONG MO
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MALARIA AND OTHER HEALTH ISSUES 12A
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Tables 12.2 and 12.3 provide inform
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Table 12.4 provides information on
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12.1.4 Indoor Residual SprayingIndo
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Slightly less than two-thirds of me
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Table 12.9.2 Health insurance cover
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Table 12.10.2 Knowledge and attitud
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of HIV prevent
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Table 13.3.1 Comprehensive knowledg
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Table 13.4 shows that a relatively
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Table 13.5.2 Accepting attitudes to
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13.6 ATTITUDES TOWARDS CONDOM EDUCA
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Table 13.8.2 Multiple sexual partne
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Consistent use of condoms requires,
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Table 13.11.2 Coverage of prior HIV
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Table 13.13 Pregnant women counsell
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100Figure 13.1 Women and Men Seekin
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administered injections with a syri
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13.11.2 Knowledge of Condom Sources
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Table 13.20 Condom use at first sex
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Table 13.22.1 Higher-risk sexual in
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wealth quintile, especially among w
Page 237 and 238: 13.11.9 HIV Testing and Counselling
Page 239 and 240: Table 14.1 Coverage of HIV testing
Page 241 and 242: Table 14.2 Coverage of HIV testing
Page 243 and 244: Looking at the age pattern, Table 1
Page 245 and 246: The HIV epidemic also exhibits some
Page 247 and 248: Table 14.6.1 HIV prevalence by demo
Page 249 and 250: As expected, men who sleep away fro
Page 251 and 252: Table 14.7.2 HIV prevalence by sexu
Page 253 and 254: Table 14.7.3 HIV prevalence by sexu
Page 255 and 256: The uptake of HIV testing in Swazil
Page 257 and 258: Table 14.11 HIV prevalence by backg
Page 259 and 260: 14.6 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG COUPLESBo
Page 261 and 262: Of the 25,594 siblings reported in
Page 263 and 264: The results in Table 15.3 indicate
Page 265 and 266: “no” to this question were aske
Page 267 and 268: Older women and women with more chi
Page 269 and 270: Table 16.3 Women's control over the
Page 271 and 272: Figure 16.1 Number of Decisions in
Page 273 and 274: Differentials by region and wealth
Page 275 and 276: Table 16.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
Page 277 and 278: There are small differences by back
Page 279 and 280: Table 16.9 Current use of contracep
Page 281 and 282: Table 16.11 Reproductive health car
Page 283 and 284: ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 17A
Page 285 and 286: Table 17.2 Orphans and vulnerable c
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Page 291 and 292: 17.8 WIDOWS DISPOSSESSED OFPROPERTY
Page 293 and 294: 17.10 EXTERNAL SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS
Page 295 and 296: 18.1 CAREGIVERTable 18.1 shows the
Page 297 and 298: Some parents or guardians take the
Page 299 and 300: Girls and boys age 12-14 were asked
Page 301 and 302: Figure 18.2 shows the percentage of
Page 303 and 304: Table 18.7 Exposure to information
Page 305 and 306: Table 18.9 Places for information a
Page 307 and 308: 18.7 KNOWLEDGE OF HIV/AIDS HELP LIN
Page 309 and 310: When asked if they had discussed th
Page 311 and 312: REFERENCESAuvert, B., D. Taljaard,
Page 313 and 314: SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAppendix ATabl
Page 315 and 316: Table A.3 Sample implementation: Gi
Page 317 and 318: Table A.5 Sample implementation: Wo
Page 319 and 320: ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORSAppendi
Page 321 and 322: Sampling errors are analyzed for tw
Page 323 and 324: Table B.1—Continued--------------
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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EFFECT OF NONRESPONSE ON THESDHS HI
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2006-07SWAZ
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Mr. Musa DlaminiMr. Patrick Makhubu
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2006 SWAZILAND DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEAL
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LINENO.IF AGE 18-59YEARSIF AGE 0-17
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LINENO.IF AGE 5 YEARS OR OLDERIF AG
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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1ST SICK PERSON 2ND SICK PERSON 3RD
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NAME 1ST DEATH NAME 2ND DEATH NAME
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405 RECORD NAMES, LINE NUMBERS AND
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CONSENT STATEMENT FOR ANAEMIA FOR C
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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CONSENT STATEMENT FOR ANAEMIA TEST
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HAEMOGLOBIN MEASURE
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WOMAN 4 WOMAN 5 WOMAN 6524 LINE NUM
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We are asking children like you to
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HAEMOGLOBIN MEASURE
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MAN 1 MAN 2 MAN 3544 LINE NUMBER LI
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211 Now I would like to record the
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION301 Now I w
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SECTION 4. PREGNANCY, POSTNATAL CAR
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO- SECOND-FROM-LAS
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SECTION 5. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH, AN
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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SECTION 6. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 9. HIV/AIDSNO. QUESTIONS AN
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SECTION 10. OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
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SECTION 12. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. Q
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INSTRUCTIONS:ONLY ONE CODE SHOULD A
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION301 Now I w
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONSTO BE FIL
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUNDI
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SECTION 2. CARE AND PROTECTIONNO. Q
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SECTION 4. KNOWLEDGE OF AIDSNO. QUE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUNDI
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SECTION 4. HIV/AIDSNO. QUESTIONS AN
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SECTION 5. OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITT
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