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Table 10.9 Disposal of children's stoolsPercent distribution of youngest children under age five living with the mother by the manner of disposal of the child's last faecal matter,and percentage of children whose stools are disposed of safely, according to background characteristics, Swaziland 2006-07BackgroundcharacteristicChildusedtoilet orlatrinePut/rinsedinto toiletor latrineManner of disposal of children's stoolsBuriedPut/rinsedinto drainor ditchThrownintogarbageLeftin theopen Missing TotalPercentageof childrenwhosestools aredisposedof safely 1Number ofmothersAge in months
NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS 11Nelisiwe SikhosanaThis chapter first considers information from the 2006-07 SDHS relating to children’s nutrition.Anthropometric measures of the nutritional status for children under age five are presented first. Breastfeedingand infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) are then described. Data on anaemiaprevalence among children under age 15 are reviewed. The chapter also looks at several summaryindicators relating to micronutrient intake and supplementation among children under age five. Thechapter next addresses questions relating to the nutritional status of adults including the prevalence ofmalnutrition and anaemia. The chapter also presents information for mothers of young children on thediversity of foods consumed during the 24-hour period before the survey and on micronutrient intake andsupplementation among childbearing women.11.1 NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDRENAnthropometric data on height and weight collected in the 2006-07 SDHS permit the measurementand evaluation of the nutritional status of young children in Swaziland. This evaluation allowsidentification of subgroups of the child population that are at increased risk of faltered growth, disease,impaired mental development, and death.11.1.1 Measurement of Nutritional Status among Young ChildrenIn the 2006-07 SDHS, height and weight data were obtained for all children under age six livingin the households selected for the SDHS sample, regardless of whether their mother was interviewed inthe survey. Weight measurements were obtained using lightweight, bathroom-type scales with a digitalscreen designed and manufactured under the guidance of UNICEF. Height measurements were carried outusing a measuring board produced by Shorr Productions. Children younger than 24 months weremeasured lying down (recumbent length) on the board, while standing height was measured for olderchildren.The height and weight data obtained in the SDHS were used to compute the three separate indicesof children’s nutritional status shown in Table 11.1: height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight-forage.The indices are calculated using new growth standards generated by WHO from data collected in aMulticentre Growth Reference Study (WHO, 2006). The study, whose sample included 8,440 children insix countries, was designed to provide standards for how children grow under optimal conditions.Children who fall more than two standard deviations below (-2 SD) the WHO Child Growth referencepopulation median are considered undernourished, while those who fall more than three standarddeviations below (-3 SD) the reference median are considered severely undernourished.11.1.2 Results of Data CollectionAlthough data were collected for all children under age six, the analysis is limited to childrenunder age five. Height and weight measurements were obtained for 94 percent of the 3,301 children underage five who were present in SDHS households at the time of the survey (see Table C.3). Of thesechildren, 11 percent were considered to have implausibly high or low values for the height or weightmeasures or lacked data on the child’s age in months (not shown in table). The following analysis focuseson the children for whom complete and plausible anthropometric and age data were collected.Nutrition of Children and Adults | 141
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12.1.3 Prompt Treatment of Fever in
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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Table 13.8.1 Multiple sexual partne
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Figure 16.1 Number of Decisions in
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PREFACEThis detailed report present
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of family
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laria is also seasonal, occurring m
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xxviii | Map of Swaziland
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Because of the anonymous nature of
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HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING2CH
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given. Households in Swaziland are
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Table 2.3.2 Educational attainment
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Table 2.4 shows that for both boys
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The dropout rates are higher for bo
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2.4.2 Household Sanitation Faciliti
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Table 2.8—ContinuedHousingHouseho
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Table 2.10 Household possessionsPer
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Table 2.11 presents the percentage
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Table 3.1.1 Background characterist
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3.2 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY BACKG
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women 15-49Pe
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Table 3.3.4 Literacy: Older adults
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Table 3.4.2 Exposure to mass media:
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The pattern of exposure to mass med
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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Table 3.5.2 Employment status: Men
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3.6 OCCUPATIONRespondents who were
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Table 3.6.3 shows the percent distr
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Six in ten women and 72 percent of
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for women in the age group 30-34 (1
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Nonetheless, the results in Table 4
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4.6 BIRTH INTERVALSA birth interval
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Overall, 6 percent of women age 25-
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There are notable regional differen
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Table 5.1 Knowledge of contraceptiv
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62 | Family PlanningTable 5.3.1 Eve
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Table 5.3.2 Ever use of contracepti
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Figure 5.2 compares the modern cont
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9080706050403020100Figure 5.3 Contr
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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consistent, asking informants in th
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Table 5.13 Informed choiceAmong cur
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5.14 PREFERRED METHOD OF CONTRACEPT
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Table 5.17.2 Exposure to family pla
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Table 5.19 Husband/partner's knowle
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OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
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Table 6.2 Polygyny: Women and men a
Page 111 and 112: Table 6.4 Age at first marriage: Wo
Page 113 and 114: Eleven percent of women age 25-49 h
Page 115 and 116: The data for men show a different p
Page 117 and 118: Table 6.10.2 Recent sexual activity
Page 119 and 120: Women who gave birth three years pr
Page 121 and 122: FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7Dudu Dlamini
Page 123 and 124: Table 7.2.1 Desire to limit childbe
Page 125 and 126: Overall, unmet need does not vary i
Page 127 and 128: 7.5 MEAN IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN B
Page 129 and 130: The total wanted fertility rate and
Page 131 and 132: Tables C.4-C.6 in Appendix C can be
Page 133 and 134: Figure 8.2 Neonatal, Postneonatal,
Page 135 and 136: Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
Page 137 and 138: common single high-risk category is
Page 139 and 140: Table 9.1 Antenatal care providerPe
Page 141 and 142: Table 9.3 Components of antenatal c
Page 143 and 144: While older women of higher parity
Page 145 and 146: Table 9.6 Assistance during deliver
Page 147 and 148: Table 9.7 Timing of first postnatal
Page 149 and 150: accessing health services. Other li
Page 151 and 152: 10.2.1 Collection of DataThe 2006-0
Page 153 and 154: PercentFigure 10.1 Trend in Vaccina
Page 155 and 156: Table 10.4 presents the proportions
Page 157 and 158: Table 10.5 Prevalence of diarrhoeaP
Page 159 and 160: Antibiotics and other medications a
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Page 165 and 166: Table 11.1—ContinuedBackgroundcha
Page 167 and 168: during the first three days after b
Page 169 and 170: SDHS by asking mothers about the fo
Page 171 and 172: Table 11.4 Median duration and freq
Page 173 and 174: The results in Table 11.5 document
Page 175 and 176: Figure 11.2 Percentage of Children
Page 177 and 178: years and above. Severe anaemia, wh
Page 179 and 180: Table 11.8.2—ContinuedBackgroundc
Page 181 and 182: Table 11.9 Micronutrient intake amo
Page 183 and 184: iodized salt. Manzini had the lowes
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Page 187 and 188: The results in Table 11.12.2 indica
Page 189 and 190: 11.12 MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE AMONG MO
Page 191 and 192: MALARIA AND OTHER HEALTH ISSUES 12A
Page 193 and 194: Tables 12.2 and 12.3 provide inform
Page 195 and 196: Table 12.4 provides information on
Page 197 and 198: 12.1.4 Indoor Residual SprayingIndo
Page 199 and 200: Slightly less than two-thirds of me
Page 201 and 202: Table 12.9.2 Health insurance cover
Page 203 and 204: Table 12.10.2 Knowledge and attitud
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Page 207 and 208: Table 13.2 Knowledge of HIV prevent
Page 209 and 210: Table 13.3.1 Comprehensive knowledg
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Table 13.5.2 Accepting attitudes to
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13.6 ATTITUDES TOWARDS CONDOM EDUCA
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Table 13.8.2 Multiple sexual partne
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Consistent use of condoms requires,
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Table 13.11.2 Coverage of prior HIV
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Table 13.13 Pregnant women counsell
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100Figure 13.1 Women and Men Seekin
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administered injections with a syri
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13.11.2 Knowledge of Condom Sources
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Table 13.20 Condom use at first sex
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Table 13.22.1 Higher-risk sexual in
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wealth quintile, especially among w
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13.11.9 HIV Testing and Counselling
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Table 14.1 Coverage of HIV testing
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Table 14.2 Coverage of HIV testing
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Looking at the age pattern, Table 1
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The HIV epidemic also exhibits some
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Table 14.6.1 HIV prevalence by demo
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As expected, men who sleep away fro
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Table 14.7.2 HIV prevalence by sexu
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Table 14.7.3 HIV prevalence by sexu
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The uptake of HIV testing in Swazil
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Table 14.11 HIV prevalence by backg
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14.6 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG COUPLESBo
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Of the 25,594 siblings reported in
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The results in Table 15.3 indicate
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“no” to this question were aske
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Older women and women with more chi
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Table 16.3 Women's control over the
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Figure 16.1 Number of Decisions in
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Differentials by region and wealth
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Table 16.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
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There are small differences by back
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Table 16.9 Current use of contracep
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Table 16.11 Reproductive health car
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 17A
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Table 17.2 Orphans and vulnerable c
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There is only a minor difference in
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Table 17.6 Underweight orphans and
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17.8 WIDOWS DISPOSSESSED OFPROPERTY
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17.10 EXTERNAL SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS
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18.1 CAREGIVERTable 18.1 shows the
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Some parents or guardians take the
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Girls and boys age 12-14 were asked
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Figure 18.2 shows the percentage of
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Table 18.7 Exposure to information
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Table 18.9 Places for information a
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18.7 KNOWLEDGE OF HIV/AIDS HELP LIN
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When asked if they had discussed th
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REFERENCESAuvert, B., D. Taljaard,
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAppendix ATabl
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Table A.3 Sample implementation: Gi
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: Wo
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORSAppendi
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Sampling errors are analyzed for tw
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Table B.1—Continued--------------
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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EFFECT OF NONRESPONSE ON THESDHS HI
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2006-07SWAZ
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Mr. Musa DlaminiMr. Patrick Makhubu
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2006 SWAZILAND DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEAL
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LINENO.IF AGE 18-59YEARSIF AGE 0-17
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LINENO.IF AGE 5 YEARS OR OLDERIF AG
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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1ST SICK PERSON 2ND SICK PERSON 3RD
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NAME 1ST DEATH NAME 2ND DEATH NAME
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405 RECORD NAMES, LINE NUMBERS AND
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CONSENT STATEMENT FOR ANAEMIA FOR C
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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CONSENT STATEMENT FOR ANAEMIA TEST
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HAEMOGLOBIN MEASURE
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WOMAN 4 WOMAN 5 WOMAN 6524 LINE NUM
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We are asking children like you to
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HAEMOGLOBIN MEASURE
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MAN 1 MAN 2 MAN 3544 LINE NUMBER LI
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211 Now I would like to record the
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION301 Now I w
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SECTION 4. PREGNANCY, POSTNATAL CAR
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO- SECOND-FROM-LAS
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SECTION 5. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH, AN
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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SECTION 6. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 9. HIV/AIDSNO. QUESTIONS AN
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SECTION 10. OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
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SECTION 12. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. Q
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INSTRUCTIONS:ONLY ONE CODE SHOULD A
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION301 Now I w
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONSTO BE FIL
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUNDI
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SECTION 2. CARE AND PROTECTIONNO. Q
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SECTION 4. KNOWLEDGE OF AIDSNO. QUE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUNDI
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SECTION 4. HIV/AIDSNO. QUESTIONS AN
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SECTION 5. OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITT
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