Mathur Ritika Passi

Endnotes
ONE
1. “Sustainable Development Timeline,” International Institute of Sustainable Development, 1997.
2. For instance, UNEP, WWF, IUCN, USAID, WB and Greenpeace.
3. “Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future,” United Nations, March
1987, 28, http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf.
4. Vikrom Mathur, “Localizing the Dominant,” August 1, 2011.
5. Eucharia N. Nwagbara et al, “Poverty, Environmental Degradation and Sustainable Development: A Discourse,” Global
Journal of Human Social Science, Sociology, Economics & Political Science 12, no. 11 (2012): 2.
6. A situation where the “cake that can be had and eaten too.” Sharachchandra M. Lélé, “Sustainable Development: A
Critical Review,” World Development 9, no. 6 (1991): 618.
7. Sunita Narain explains it thus: “industrialised countries look at environmental action as divorced from concerns about
development and social well-being. More precisely, they see environment measures as the icing on the cake of development
already done and delivered. This icing helps improve performance through efficiency and helps clean up toxins and pollution.”
“The future we do not want,” Down to Earth, June 25, 2012, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/the-future-wedo-not-want--38521.
8. Fiona Macdonald, “Sweden sets its sights on becoming the world’s first fossil fuel-free nation,” Science Alert, September
25, 2015, http://www.sciencealert.com/sweden-sets-its-sights-on-becoming-the-world-s-first-fossil-fuel-free-nation.
9. K.F. Jalal, “Sustainable Development, Environment and Poverty Nexus,” ADB paper, December 1993, 12.
10. Rathin Roy, draft paper, August 2015.
11. Efforts to reconcile the two juxtaposed tensions of poverty degradation and overconsumption and their individual effects
on the environment have been advanced, for example through quantitative substantiation of the respective contributions
of both causes toward environmental unsustainability, but these have so far not found a place in policymaking.
12. O. Sunkel, “Beyond the world conservation strategy,” in Conservation with Equity: Strategies for Sustainable Development,
eds. P. Jacobs and D.A. Munro (Cambridge: IUCN, 1987), quoted in Lélé, 610.
13. “Our Common Future,” 16.
14. Lélé, 613.
15. Charles Kenny, “MDGs to SDGs: Have we Lost the Plot?,” Center for Global Development, May 27, 2015, http://
www.cgdev.org/publication/mdgs-sdgs-have-we-lost-plot.
16. References: Vivan Sharan, “Trends in Official Development Assistance: Financing Sustainable Development,” Draft
paper, September 2015; “The 0.7% target: An in-depth look,” Millennium Project, http://www.unmillenniumproject.
org/press/07.htm; Mark Anderson, “Ban Ki-moon: sustainable development goals ‘leave no one behind’,” The Guardian,
August 3, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/aug/03/ban-ki-moon-hails-sdgs-agreed-by-193-nations-as-leaving-no-one-behind;
and “Development Does Not Equal Aid,” Center for Global Development, July 30, 2015,
http://www.cgdev.org/media/development-does-not-equal-aid.
17. Luke Smyth, “Anthropological Critiques of Sustainable Development,” Cross Sections VII (2011).
18. Mathur, “Localizing the Dominant.”
19. Cathleen Fogel, “The Local, the Global, and the Kyoto Protocol” in Earthly Politics: Local and Global in Environmental
Governance, eds. Sheila Jasanoff and Marybeth Long Martello (Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2004): 111-112.
20. Smyth, 81-2.
21. Fogel, 113.
22. “Open Working Group proposal for Sustainable Development Goals,” UN, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1579SDGs%20Proposal.pdf,
5.
23. Rajendra Singh drew on indigenous principles to introduce ‘johads,’ rainwater storage tanks, and check dams to replenish
surface and groundwater, bringing back life to deserted villages.
24. John Robinson, “Squaring the circle? Some thoughts on the idea of sustainable development,” Ecological Economics
48 (2004): 378-9; 382.
TWO
1. Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink trace the mechanisms and processes through which new norms emerge on the
international stage, how states are persuaded to accept them and how they are internalised into state policy. During the
first stage of ‘norm emergence,’ norm entrepreneurs attempt to convince a critical mass of states to accept a new norm.
82