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60 n <strong>THE</strong> <strong>SHIITE</strong> <strong>JIHAD</strong> <strong>IN</strong> <strong>SYRIA</strong><br />
18. Laura Z. Deeb, “From Mourning to Activism: Sayyedeh Zaynab, Lebanese Shi’i<br />
Women, and the Transformation of Ashura,” in The Women of Karbala: Ritual<br />
Performance and Symbolic Discourses in Modern Shi’i Islam, ed. Kamran Scot Aghaie<br />
(Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005), p. 252.<br />
19. See https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Images/Books/Smyth/T-19.jpg.<br />
20. “Arshif al-wasim: al-difa’ al-muqadas” (Tag Archive: Sacred Defense), South<br />
Lebanon.org, http://www.southlebanon.org/?tag=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8<br />
%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%<br />
D8%AF%D8%B3.<br />
21. “Rayyis al-jumhuriya: merhalat al-difa’ al-muqaddas rasamat minhaja libashariya,”<br />
al-Kawthar TV (Iran), January 4, 2013.<br />
22. Khalid Sindawi, “The Shiite Turn in Syria,” Current Trends in Islamist Ideology 8<br />
(2009), http://www.hudson.org/research/9894-the-shiite-turn-in-syria- .<br />
23. Ibid.<br />
24. Ibid.<br />
25. Michael Slackman, “Wary of U.S., Syria and Iran Strengthen Ties,” New York Times,<br />
June 25, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/25/world/middleeast/25syria.<br />
html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.<br />
26. Matthew Levitt and Aaron Y. Zelin, “Hizb Allah’s Gambit in Syria,” CTC Sentinel,<br />
August 27, 2013, http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/hizb-allahs-gambit-in-syria.<br />
27. Matthew Levitt, Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon’s Party of God (Washington<br />
DC: Georgetown University Press, 2013), p. 185.<br />
28. Phillip Smyth, “Kata’ib Sayyid al-Shuhada: Another Supplier of Iraqi Shia Fighters<br />
in Syria,” Jihadology, June 3, 2013, http://jihadology.net/2013/06/03/hizballahcavalcade-kataib-sayyid-al-shuhada-another-supplier-of-iraqi-shia-fighters-insyria/.<br />
See also Phillip Smyth, “Kata’ib Sayyid al-Shuhada Emerges: Updates on<br />
the New Iraqi Shia Militia Supplying Fighters to Syria,” Jihadology, September<br />
9, 2013, http://jihadology.net/2013/09/09/hizballah-cavalcade-kataib-sayyid-alshuhada-emerges-updates-on-the-new-iraqi-shia-militia-supplying-fighters-tosyria/.<br />
29. Suadad al-Salhy, “Iraqi Militia Vows to Attack U.S. Interests if Syria Hit,” Reuters,<br />
August 30, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/30/us-syria-crisis-iraqidUSBRE97T0XH20130830.<br />
See also Phillip Smyth, “Liwa’a ‘Ammar ibn Yasir:<br />
A New Shia Militia Operating in Aleppo, Syria,” Jihadology, July 20, 2013, http://<br />
jihadology.net/2013/07/20/hizballah-cavalcade-liwaa-ammar-ibn-yasir-a-newshia-militia-operating-in-aleppo-syria/.<br />
30. “Blast in Shrine of Ammar e Yasir (r.a),” YouTube video, 1:01, posted by Kumail<br />
Ali Mehdi, March 11, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHk_sLOrnGM.<br />
31. Phillip Smyth, “Liwa’a ‘Ammar ibn Yasir: A New Shia Militia Operating in Aleppo,<br />
Syria,” Jihadology, July 20, 2013, http://jihadology.net/2013/07/20/hizballahcavalcade-liwaa-ammar-ibn-yasir-a-new-shia-militia-operating-in-aleppo-syria/.<br />
32. See https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Images/Books/Smyth/T-32.jpg.
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