Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
62 n <strong>THE</strong> <strong>SHIITE</strong> <strong>JIHAD</strong> <strong>IN</strong> <strong>SYRIA</strong><br />
Morsi,” Rasa News Agency (Iran), July 10, 2013, http://rasanews.ir/En/NSite/<br />
FullStory/News/?Id=322.<br />
45. Suadad al-Salhy, “Iraqi Militia Vows to Attack U.S. Interests if Syria Hit,” Reuters,<br />
August 30, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/30/us-syria-crisis-iraqidUSBRE97T0XH20130830.<br />
46. See figure 7 in Phillip Smyth, “Liwa’a ‘Ammar ibn Yasir: A New Shia Militia<br />
Operating in Aleppo, Syria,” Jihadology (blog), July 20, 2013, http://jihadology.<br />
net/2013/07/20/hizballah-cavalcade-liwaa-ammar-ibn-yasir-a-new-shia-militiaoperating-in-aleppo-syria/.<br />
47. Mehdi Khalaji, “The Dilemmas of Pan-Islamic Unity,” Current Trends in Islamist<br />
Ideology 9 (2009), http://www.currenttrends.org/research/detail/the-dilemmas-ofpan-islamic-unity.<br />
48. David Menashri, The Iranian Revolution and the Muslim World (Boulder, CO:<br />
Westview Press, 1990), p. 101.<br />
49. Batoul Wehbe, “Sayyed Nasrallah: ‘We, the Twelver Shia, Won’t Abandon<br />
Palestine,’” al-Manar, http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?eid=10446<br />
6&cid=23&fromval=1. Note that the term “rejectionists,” or rafidha in Arabic, has<br />
a particular significance for anti-Shiite Sunni Islamist fighters. This word is often<br />
used by Sunni Islamist fighters as a slur when referring to the Shia “rejection” of the<br />
“correct succession” of leaders after the Prophet Muhammad’s death. See also Fanar<br />
Haddad, “The Language of Anti-Shiism,” Foreign Policy, August 9, 2013, http://<br />
mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/08/09/the_language_of_anti_shiism.<br />
50. “Syria Militants Taking Shia Villages on Lebanese Border: Nasrallah,” PressTV,<br />
February 27, 2013, http://www.presstv.com/detail/2013/02/27/291151/syriamilitants-seizing-shia-villages/.<br />
51. “‘Hayhat Hizballah’ fi muwajiha al-salafiya w al-quwa al-gharbiya,” al-Arab,<br />
November 6, 2013, http://www.alarab.co.uk/?id=7711.<br />
52. Hezbollah’s al-Manar propaganda station actively encouraged these themes. See<br />
“Limadha qala al-Imam al-Husayn: Hayhat mina dhilna,” al-Manar, November 6,<br />
2013, http://www.almanar.com.lb/adetails.php?eid=639153.<br />
53. See YouTube video, 2:44, posted by “halby alasad,” July 2, 2012, https://www.<br />
youtube.com/watch?v=hn3WMEol6Eo&feature=kp.<br />
54. See YouTube video, 5:10, posted by “hossain aridh,” September 3, 2013, https://<br />
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yy19-zIt8CA.<br />
55. Lebanese Hezbollah has also described the main rebel organizations as “takfiri<br />
groups.” See “Takfiri Groups Predominate Ranks of Syrian Rebels: Hezbollah,”<br />
Daily Star, May 25, 2013, http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2013/<br />
May-25/218353-takfiri-groups-predominate-ranks-of-syrian-rebels-hezbollah.<br />
ashx#axzz2dfXf4hr3. Assad regime outlets have used this term since 2011; Assad<br />
himself has also used it. See “Syria’s Option to Look Forward into Future and<br />
Control Events: President al-Assad,” Syrian Arab News Agency, June 20, 2011,<br />
http://sana.sy/eng/337/2011/06/20/353686.htm.<br />
56. Shane Drennan, “From Abdullah Azzam to Djamel Zitouni,” CTC Sentinel,
Change language