THE SHIITE JIHAD IN SYRIA AND ITS REGIONAL EFFECTS

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR PHILLIP SMYTH, a researcher at the University of Maryland, publishes the blog Hizballah Cavalcade, which focuses on Shiite Islamist militarism in the Middle East. Other recent publications include the following: • “Kataib al-Imam Ali: Portrait of an Iraqi Shiite Militant Group Fighting ISIS,” PolicyWatch 2352, Washington Institute, January 5, 2015. • “Iranian Proxies Step Up Their Role in Iraq,” PolicyWatch 2268, Washington Institute, June 13, 2014. • “Iran’s Afghan Shiite Fighters in Syria,” PolicyWatch 2262, Washington Institute, June 3, 2014. • “The Vocabulary of Sectarianism,” Foreign Policy, January 29, 2014. 80
BOARD OF DIRECTORS President Richard S. Abramson Chairman Martin J. Gross Chairman Emeritus Howard P. Berkowitz Founding President, Chairman Emerita Barbi Weinberg Senior Vice Presidents Bernard Leventhal Peter Lowy James Schreiber THE WASHINGTO 30 years stron Vice Presidents Benjamin Breslauer Shelly Kassen Walter P. Stern Vice President Emeritus Charles Adler Secretary Richard Borow Treasurer Susan Wagner Board Members Jay Bernstein Anthony Beyer Robert Fromer Michael Gelman Roger Hertog, emeritus Barbara Kay Bruce Lane Moses Libitzky Daniel Mintz Lief Rosenblatt Zachary Schreiber Fred Schwartz John Shapiro Merryl Tisch Diane Troderman Gary Wexler BOARD OF ADVISORS John R. Allen Birch Evans Bayh III Howard L. Berman Eliot Cohen Henry A. Kissinger Joseph Lieberman Edward Luttwak Michael Mandelbaum Robert C. McFarlane Martin Peretz Richard Perle Condoleezza Rice James G. Roche George P. Shultz R. James Woolsey Mortimer Zuckerman In Memoriam Max M. Kampelman Samuel W. Lewis In Memoriam Jack Kay Fred S. Lafer, chairman emeritus Michael Stein, chairman emeritus
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THE SHIITE JIHAD IN SYRIA AND ITS R
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POLICY FOCUS 138 THE SHIITE JIHAD I
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C ONTENTS Acronyms | iv 1 Introduct
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1 Introduction THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR
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2 The Narrative of Jihad SINCE THE
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THE NARRATIVE OF JIHAD n 5 a useful
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THE NARRATIVE OF JIHAD n 7 An Open
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THE NARRATIVE OF JIHAD n 9 al-Amin,
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THE NARRATIVE OF JIHAD n 11 In a Fe
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3 Call to Jihad: Clerical Views of
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CALL TO JIHAD n 15 During his publi
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CALL TO JIHAD n 17 direct Iranian m
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CALL TO JIHAD n 19 al-Sadr contradi
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4 Building an Army for Zainab REPRE
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BUILDING AN ARMY FOR ZAINAB n 23 mi
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BUILDING AN ARMY FOR ZAINAB n 25 re
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BUILDING AN ARMY FOR ZAINAB n 27 Re
Page 35 and 36: BUILDING AN ARMY FOR ZAINAB n 29 me
Page 37 and 38: BUILDING AN ARMY FOR ZAINAB n 31 tr
Page 39 and 40: BUILDING AN ARMY FOR ZAINAB n 33 PH
Page 41 and 42: BUILDING AN ARMY FOR ZAINAB n 35 Th
Page 43 and 44: 5 The Web of Multiplying Shiite Isl
Page 45 and 46: MULTIPLYING SHIITE ISLAMIST MILITIA
Page 55 and 56: JOINING OF FRONTS n 49 In Iraq, att
Page 57 and 58: JOINING OF FRONTS n 51 members. 262
Page 59 and 60: JOINING OF FRONTS n 53 Darraji’s
Page 61 and 62: 7 Policy Recommendations AS THE UNI
Page 63 and 64: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS n 57 such na
Page 65 and 66: NOTES AND SOURCES n 59 Revolutionar
Page 67 and 68: NOTES AND SOURCES n 61 33. Hassan H
Page 69 and 70: NOTES AND SOURCES n 63 June 15, 200
Page 71 and 72: NOTES AND SOURCES n 65 79. Ibid. 80
Page 73 and 74: NOTES AND SOURCES n 67 110. “Sama
Page 75 and 76: NOTES AND SOURCES n 69 137. Mamuri
Page 77 and 78: NOTES AND SOURCES n 71 172. May 16,
Page 79 and 80: NOTES AND SOURCES n 73 205. Michael
Page 81 and 82: NOTES AND SOURCES n 75 233. Jacob Z
Page 83 and 84: NOTES AND SOURCES n 77 com/63568782
Page 85: NOTES AND SOURCES n 79 294. “Al-M
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THE SHIITE JIHAD IN SYRIA AND ITS REGIONAL EFFECTS

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