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Thinking, Fast and Slow - Daniel Kahneman

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inequality of income (measured by st<strong>and</strong>ard deviation) would be reduced only by about 9%.<br />

The relevant formula is v (1–r 2 ), where r is the correlation.<br />

correlation <strong>and</strong> regression: This is true when both variables are measured in st<strong>and</strong>ard scores—<br />

that is, where each score is transformed by removing the mean <strong>and</strong> dividing the result by the<br />

st<strong>and</strong>ard deviation.<br />

confusing mere correlation with causation: Howard Wainer, “The Most Dangerous Equation,”<br />

American Scientist 95 (2007): 249–56.<br />

18: Taming Intuitive Predictions<br />

far more moderate: The proof of the st<strong>and</strong>ard regression as the optimal solution to the<br />

prediction problem assumes that errors are weighted by the squared deviation from the correct<br />

value. This is the least-squares criterion, which is commonly accepted. Other loss functions<br />

lead to different solutions.<br />

19: The Illusion of Underst<strong>and</strong>ing<br />

narrative fallacy: Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly<br />

Improbable (New York: R<strong>and</strong>om House, 2007).<br />

one attribute that is particularly significant:.<br />

throwing the ball: Michael Lewis, Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game (New<br />

York: Norton, 2003).<br />

sell their company: Seth Weintraub, “Excite Passed Up Buying Google for $750,000 in 1999,”<br />

Fortune, September 29, 2011.<br />

ever felt differently: Richard E. Nisbett <strong>and</strong> Timothy D. Wilson, “Telling More Than We Can<br />

Know: Verbal Reports on Mental Processes,” Psychological Review 84 (1977): 231–59.<br />

United States <strong>and</strong> the Soviet Union: Baruch Fischhoff <strong>and</strong> Ruth Beyth, “I Knew It Would<br />

Happen: Remembered Probabilities of Once Future Things,” Organizational Behavior <strong>and</strong><br />

Human Performance 13 (1975): 1–16.<br />

quality of a decision: Jonathan Baron <strong>and</strong> John C. Hershey, “Outcome Bias in Decision {s iiv><br />

Evaluation,” Journal of Personality <strong>and</strong> Social Psychology 54 (1988): 569–79.<br />

should have hired the monitor: Kim A. Kamin <strong>and</strong> Jeffrey Rachlinski, “Ex Post? Ex Ante:<br />

Determining Liability in Hindsight,” Law <strong>and</strong> Human Behavior 19 (1995): 89–104. Jeffrey J.

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