Discord Consensus

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In Brussels, the Flemish nationalists met at the Vlaams Huis [Flanders House]. Not only were the seats in the great hall all taken by a select public [. . .]. Achille Brijs gave a speech in which he severely criticized the anti-Flemish politics of the [exiled] Belgian government in Le Havre. There was much applause. [. . .] 49 The Gazette’s willingness to print Moulaert’s letters, while De Volksstem refused to do so, is significant. Indeed, it can be taken as an indication that the Gazette disapproved of the alleged collaboration of some Flemish nationalists with the German occupier and sided with the more moderate leaders of the Flemish Movement –Louis Franck, Frans Van Cauwelaert and Camille Huysmans –who considered it necessary to temporarily halt the language struggle so as not to unduly weaken Belgian resistance to the German occupation. Albert Moulaert’s letters, printed in the Gazette, constantly allude to the patriotic quality of that temporary ceasefire at a time of war, as in the following three excerpts: To the editor-in-chief of the Volksstem, De Pere, Wisc. Dear Sir, I have read in your esteemed weekly newspaper of the 9th of this month an article entitled ‘The Flemish Nationalist Movement in Flanders’, which described the festivities held in occupied Belgium to commemorate the Battle of the Golden Spurs. Allow me to express my amazement at the inexperience and the blindness of these Flemings who take the Huns for defenders of their mother tongue. Luckily most if not all of the senior and better-known leaders of the Flemish Movement have understood that the only objective of our enemies is to divide the Flemings and the Walloons by creating discord and strife so that they can rule more easily over our country. [. . .] Albert Moulaert Consul General of Belgium 50 To the editor-in-chief of the Volksstem, De Pere, Wisc. Dear Sir, [. . .] Regrettably there are Belgians, who are so fervently anti- French, that they tie everything to the language conflict and, even in this latest battle between freedom and oppression, between democracy and aristocracy, do they think only of the centuries- long battle between the French kings and the Flemish communes. LANGUAGE CONTROVERSIES IN THE GAZETTE VAN DETROIT (1916–1918) 97
It is sad that they do not realise that they are aiding the Huns. Allow me to mention that the Chicago Journal of the 22nd of this month declared in an editorial that anyone who wishes to bring about the administrative division of Belgium acts solely to the advantage of the Germans. [. . .] Sincerely, [. . .] Albert Moulaert Consul General of Belgium 51 To Mr. Adolph B. Suess, editor of the Volksstem, De Pere, Wisc. Sir, [. . .] May I ask why you publish articles that could create conflict between the Flemings and the Walloons and why you do not print my letters written in response to their content? [. . .] ALBERT MOULAERT Consul General of Belgium 52 De Volksstem, not in the least impressed by Albert Moulaert’s pleas, continued reporting on Flemish ‘activists’ activities, and in particular on the political autonomy achieved by Flanders under German occupation. On 10 April 1918, for instance, it printed a list of all ‘activist’ representatives elected to the Raad van Vlaanderen, a Flemish parliament created with German approval. In the same issue, it also mentioned the removal of all French street names in Antwerp. ANTWERP. –Last week one has started painting over all of the French street names. From now on only Flemish street names will be allowed. 53 The Gazette remained mum on all of these issues and in fact, as already mentioned, significantly toned down its overtly Flemish nationalist content. Instead, one finds articles that are weary of any accusation of activism, i.e. of collaboration with the enemy. RASH JUDGEMENT Because of the war the Belgian people find themselves in a peculiar situation. [. . .] Let us remember that today there is not a greater insult for a Belgian than to be accused of being a traitor; [. . .] let us remember that to promote national unity, misunderstandings and bitterness have to be prevented as much as possible, and that one should not question anyone’s loyalty to the state if one does not have absolute proof to the contrary. 54 98 DISCORD AND CONSENSUS IN THE LOW COUNTRIES, 1700–2000
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Discord & Consensus in the Low Coun
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GLOBAL DUTCH: STUDIES IN LOW COUNTR
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First published in 2016 by UCL Pres
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8. Reinstating a consensus of blame
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Fig. 4.12 Magician, Gejo, De Leeuw
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to twentieth centuries as well, as
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The Twins (De tweeling), which cont
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1 Pre-modern Dutch identity and
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and literary reflections on war and
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fighting continued, and in April 17
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and 1747. In the eyes of Orangists,
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Dissident voices In these writings
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One of the authors directed his cri
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In the play by Smit, the god of war
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2 Gnawing worms and rolling thunder
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Fig. 2.1 Frontispiece of Lambert Bi
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Fig. 2.3 The Panpoëticon cabinet a
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still suggest a certain development
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sides of the natural order: the tin
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But at that fateful time, God’s c
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the safe bourgeois allotments, behi
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the most famous statesmen of the Re
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ut still renewed their rampage, the
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3 A twice-told tale of a (dis)un
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will leave it to its readers to dra
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dominions were one of the closest B
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centuries, dwelling on the revolt a
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Page 87 and 88: Fig. 4.15 Monolingualism, Gejo, De
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Page 91 and 92: Introduction In his survey of the D
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Page 103 and 104: HOUSEMAIDS NEEDED For a family of t
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Page 119 and 120: To cover up their robbery, the Germ
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Page 143 and 144: Introduction Ben Sombogaart’s fam
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that her life had ended following M
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over the past two decades. It is a
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This is one of the insights offered
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which flows through the length of t
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partly on pre-war ideas. From a
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development areas. 24 Their recomme
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Prussian state encouraged the ‘in
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the ‘northern part of the country
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within a country as rich as Germany
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The enthusiasm for industrial enter
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spatial development in Germany was
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Introduction Multilingual text prod
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In 2008 the former Director-Gene
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some form of individual voice in th
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from the European Council’s Stock
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situation to function (i.e. the sit
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‘The protection of Europe and its
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Example 3 STAGE A Commission Propos
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other languages, which state that s
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Example 5 STAGE B Council Programme
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CITIZENS/PEOPLE/EUROPEANS STAGE B C
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Notes Introduction 1 ALCS 2014 [la
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192 NOTES 24 ‘Zo lang de Oranje S
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11 Th. van der Meer, Sodoms zaad in
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23 On De Smet’s latent hostility
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Rocco Versaci, This Book Contains G
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Flamine en Waelken liepen zoo hard
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Te Brussel vergaderden de Flamingan
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11 Cf. Feit en Fictie, , and After
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3 Other Dutch online resources such
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9 Thijs, ‘Holland and the German
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10 N. Crafts and G. Toniolo, ‘Pos
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60 Judt, Postwar, 453. 61 Exemplary
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Notes on contributors Tanja Collet
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Postbus 9103, NL-6500 HD Nijmege
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Jenny Watson is a PhD candidate at
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Elsaesser, Thomas (literary scholar
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Van der Does, Dr (Red Cross physici
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investment project 159 Emslandplan
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226 SUBJECT INDEX
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