Discord Consensus

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against/resist organised crime, terrorism and other threats). We see then at this intergovernmental stage that all language versions (including NL) are in agreement that the collective voice of the European citizen should be utilised; the threat to member states and the security of their citizens (who are denoted here specifically as European citizens) is very real and overtly categorised: organised crime and terrorism, which is presumably pan-European and requiring a pan-European response. The inference then here is that a collective European voice should deal with such threats. However, at stage C, no specific security threats are spelt out and the discourse is relatively generalised, alluding to the fact that the Lisbon Treaty will enable greater ambition in responding to everyday concerns and aspirations of ‘people in Europe’ (EN version). What is interesting to note here is that two language versions (FR and DE) retain the sense of European/Union citizenship, respectively, whereas both EN and NL do not. These latter two versions then seem to suggest that there is no need to specify this European ‘citizenship-ness’ here as the discourse no longer concerns overt threats to security requiring a collective intergovernmental ‘member states together’ reaction. Even so, the NL version does not mimic the alternative EN lexical choice (people in Europe); it has yet another alternative, which is not equivalent to any other version. The lexical choice of ‘Europeans’ generalises beyond European citizens but does not go as far as the EN version’s ‘people in Europe’; the latter could mean any persons physically in Europe, thus even those who could never qualify as belonging to any state or political entity that is European (e.g. an American). However, the NL version ‘Europeans’ does designate those referred to as at least having a legitimate affiliation with Europe, even if they are in a state outside the EU and are thus not European citizens. NL then achieves here an independence in lexical choice –and indeed conceptualisation of European citizenship – that does not follow FR or DE but, crucially, does not either follow EN (the likely original drafting language). Figure 10.5 shows the constellation of languages and their relationships to one another across intergovernmental stage B and supranational stage C. As we have indicated, NL is a mimic to all the other languages at stage B and a maverick (even to EN, which is already significantly distinguishable from FR and DE) at stage C. The NL version then also exhibits not only translational hybridity by virtue of its independence even from EN at stage C. What is particularly salient is that it also exhibits conceptual instability of institutional voice (Council and Commission) across discourse stages: it was equivalent to the other language versions at stage B in its translational representation of ‘European Dutch in the EU discourse chain: mimic or maverick? 187
CITIZENS/PEOPLE/EUROPEANS STAGE B Council INTERGOV STAGE C Commission SUPRA EN DE NL FR EN FR DE NL Fig. 10.5 Intergovernmental and supranational relationships citizens’ but not at stage C (even though this equivalent was still available in FR and DE). The verdict: mimic or maverick? From the examples, we have seen that Dutch oscillates between mimicking any combination or configuration of the three other languages analysed at varying points (or stages) of the discourse. However, we have also noted that it displays maverick tendencies (or indeed precisely not!) in places where security issues involve perceived threat or danger; this is particularly the case when ‘us’ and ‘them’ internal/external EU border polarities are at stake. A more systematic comparative analysis of a larger corpus of data would of course be needed to explore the mimic/maverick behaviour of Dutch more fully. Nevertheless, important conceptual differences were identified within and between the two institutional voices of the Commission (stages A and C) and Council (stage B). This is significant as the Commission is a supranational body and is expected to retain a stable narrative voice in support of the interests of the EU as a whole; neither should it portray any evidence of alternative stance-taking in any one particular language and/or in the interests of any one national or language community. Its narrative is therefore said to be multiply authentic and neutral in all languages and in respect of all national politics. On the other hand, the Council is an intergovernmental body and, as such, 188 DISCORD AND CONSENSUS IN THE LOW COUNTRIES, 1700–2000
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Discord & Consensus in the Low Coun
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GLOBAL DUTCH: STUDIES IN LOW COUNTR
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First published in 2016 by UCL Pres
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8. Reinstating a consensus of blame
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Fig. 4.12 Magician, Gejo, De Leeuw
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to twentieth centuries as well, as
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The Twins (De tweeling), which cont
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1 Pre-modern Dutch identity and
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and literary reflections on war and
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fighting continued, and in April 17
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and 1747. In the eyes of Orangists,
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Dissident voices In these writings
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One of the authors directed his cri
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In the play by Smit, the god of war
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2 Gnawing worms and rolling thunder
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Fig. 2.1 Frontispiece of Lambert Bi
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Fig. 2.3 The Panpoëticon cabinet a
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still suggest a certain development
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sides of the natural order: the tin
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But at that fateful time, God’s c
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the safe bourgeois allotments, behi
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the most famous statesmen of the Re
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ut still renewed their rampage, the
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3 A twice-told tale of a (dis)un
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will leave it to its readers to dra
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dominions were one of the closest B
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centuries, dwelling on the revolt a
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access to local sources with a wide
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of reconciling each party in the il
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the higher station to which he was
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describe how Joseph II’s attempte
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allow us to record the shifts withi
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seen as one of the ‘cheering sign
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Introduction: the conflict in histo
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appears to require and to perpetuat
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In my study, special attention will
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Fig. 4.2 Worm’s-eye view, Bob
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was published by Walter Lehning Ver
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Fig. 4.5 Violence, Karel Biddeloo,
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actresses: Galaxa on Senta Berger a
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A poor man explains the situation t
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The Flemish readers -who recogni
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Fig. 4.13 Urinating boy, Gejo, De L
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Fig. 4.15 Monolingualism, Gejo, De
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The story is told again, but differ
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Introduction In his survey of the D
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The chapter is divided into three s
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community’s need for news in its
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to do with his newspaper, he replie
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[. . .] I am appealing to your love
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soft drinks), Christmas giften (ada
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HOUSEMAIDS NEEDED For a family of t
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When then equality - only if we uni
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It is sad that they do not realise
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States: the Germans, of course, but
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6 ‘Beyond A Bridge Too Far’: th
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some 180,000 people in all, were su
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etrayal, 14 Boeree’s first priori
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lightly. And so, having obtained th
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To cover up their robbery, the Germ
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The following two decades, from 194
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Arnhem as a garrison town would hav
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ecognition of their help to the Jew
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7 ‘A sort of wishful dream’: ch
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Netherlands in response to the orig
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The author indicates she has tried
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the political setting of the novel.
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two insecure lines about the narrat
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Nieuwenhuys wrote an impressive ant
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once a bed of red and orange cannas
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friendship between the Dutch Herma
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Introduction Ben Sombogaart’s fam
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Page 147 and 148: Third Reich. The conflict between s
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Page 151 and 152: these productions, then the coveted
Page 153 and 154: him from Buchenwald juxtaposed with
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Page 161 and 162: This is one of the insights offered
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Page 167 and 168: development areas. 24 Their recomme
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Page 175 and 176: The enthusiasm for industrial enter
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Page 179 and 180: Introduction Multilingual text prod
Page 181 and 182: In 2008 the former Director-Gene
Page 183 and 184: some form of individual voice in th
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Page 187 and 188: situation to function (i.e. the sit
Page 189 and 190: ‘The protection of Europe and its
Page 191 and 192: Example 3 STAGE A Commission Propos
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Page 199 and 200: Notes Introduction 1 ALCS 2014 [la
Page 201 and 202: 192 NOTES 24 ‘Zo lang de Oranje S
Page 203 and 204: 11 Th. van der Meer, Sodoms zaad in
Page 205 and 206: 23 On De Smet’s latent hostility
Page 207 and 208: Rocco Versaci, This Book Contains G
Page 209 and 210: Flamine en Waelken liepen zoo hard
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Page 213 and 214: 11 Cf. Feit en Fictie, , and After
Page 215 and 216: 3 Other Dutch online resources such
Page 217 and 218: 9 Thijs, ‘Holland and the German
Page 219 and 220: 10 N. Crafts and G. Toniolo, ‘Pos
Page 221 and 222: 60 Judt, Postwar, 453. 61 Exemplary
Page 223 and 224: Notes on contributors Tanja Collet
Page 225 and 226: Postbus 9103, NL-6500 HD Nijmege
Page 227 and 228: Jenny Watson is a PhD candidate at
Page 229 and 230: Elsaesser, Thomas (literary scholar
Page 231 and 232: Van der Does, Dr (Red Cross physici
Page 233 and 234: investment project 159 Emslandplan
Page 235 and 236: 226 SUBJECT INDEX
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