https://goo.gl/sZ7V7x

Number of programm
100
80
60
40
1950
20 80
70
70
60
0
asset and input transfers (in-kind transfers with a productive role, such as seeds, fertilisers, livestock);
50
and subsidies 40 (such as fuel, agricultural and food subsidies).
30
23
19 19 17
FIGURE 220
– Types of interventions
10
8
4 4 3 3 1 1
0
1950
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
70
Unconditional
cash transfer
Unconditional
cash transfer
1955
1955
Cash for work
23
Cash for work
1960
1960
Conditional
cash transfer
1965
Conditional
cash transfer
1965
1970
1970
Social support
services
1975
19 19 17
Social support
services
1975
Conditional
in-kind transfer
1980
1980
Training
8
Conditional
in-kind transfer
Training
1985
1985
Subsidies
Subsidies
1990
1990
Assets and
inputs transfers
4 4
Assets and
inputs transfers
1995
1995
Unconditional
in-kind transfer
Unconditional
in-kind transfer
2000
2000
Educational
fee waivers
2005
2010
3 3 1 1
Educational
fee waivers
2005
Microfinance
Microfinance
2010
Food for work
Food for work
2015
2015
Source: Authors’ elaboration based on mapped programmes.
To reach the target groups, around 40 per cent of the mapped programmes rely on a single targeting method,
which in 63 per cent of these cases is categorical targeting. Conversely, in most cases the target population
is selected by combining different mechanisms. The most commonly used targeting methods are categorical
targeting, geographical targeting and community-based targeting (see Figure 3).
FIGURE 3 – Targeting methods
Number of programmes
Number of programmes
10
80
0
70
60
50
40
Source: Authors’ 30 elaboration based on mapped programmes.
20
Around 40 10 per cent of the social protection programmes mapped address more than one demographic group at
the same time 0 (e.g. children, elderly people, women). Moreover, the targeted demographic categories may overlap:
for instance, a programme may target children with disabilities or young women. Therefore, in our analysis we
focus on the different characteristics taken into account during the targeting phase. The most targeted individuals
or households are those with children, elderly people and people with disabilities. However, in several cases,
programmes are targeted at ‘poor households’, defined only according to socio-economic criteria without specifically
60
addressing demographic characteristics within the eligibility criteria (see Figure 4). In several cases, target groups are
50
identified using proxies for social and economic conditions. For instance, only in a few cases, programmes addressing
40
food insecurity select households relying specifically on food insecurity indicators, but often the household’s
30
dependency ratio or its demographic composition are used as a proxy for food insecurity.
20
10
Categorical
targeting
Geographical
targeting
0
60
10 | Social Protection in Africa: inventory of non-contributory programmes
50
40
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
Children
Categorical
targeting
Elderly people
People with
disabilities
Geographical
targeting
oor households
omen and girls
Community
-based
targeting
Community
-based
targeting
our-constrained
households
Working-age
individuals
Proxy
means test
Proxy
means test
Food-insecure
households
Unemployed
Self-targeting
Self-targeting
Smallholder
farmers
Young people
War veterans
Means test
Means test
Chronically ill
individuals