SIGAR

ENDNOTES
1. Transparency International, Curbing Corruption in Public
Procurement: A Practical Guide, 2014, p. 4.
2. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,
Implementing the OECD Principles for Integrity in Public
Procurement: Progress since 2008, OECD Public Governance
Reviews series, 2013, p. 21.
3. SIGAR, “MOD Fuel Contract,” briefing package for CSTC-A,
1/11/2015, slide 2.
4. SIGAR, “MOD Fuel Contract,” briefing package for CSTC-A,
1/11/2015, slides 19–22.
5. SIGAR, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress,
7/30/2015, p. 60.
6. Heart of Asia, “Government trying to whitewash MoD corruption
scandal,” heartofasia.af, 3/15/2016, accessed 1/8/2017.
7. Pajhwok News, “NPA blacklists 83 firms, saves 15b afs in 18
months,” reporting on Yama Yari press conference, 10/3/2016.
8. SIGAR, “Challenges Affecting U.S. Foreign Assistance to
Afghanistan,” Statement of John F. Sopko before the House
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, 4/10/2013,
p. 8.
9. SIGAR, “Challenges Affecting U.S. Foreign Assistance to
Afghanistan,” Statement of John F. Sopko before the House
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, 4/10/2013,
p. 10.
10. For descriptions and financial data, see the “Status of Funds”
portion of section 3 in each SIGAR Quarterly Report to the
United States Congress. A forthcoming SIGAR audit will discuss
access to ARTF records and other topics.
11. NORAD (Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation),
Country Evaluation Brief: Afghanistan, 11/2016, p. 11.
12. NORAD (Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation),
Country Evaluation Brief: Afghanistan, 11/2016, p. 28.
13. SIGAR, Corruption in Conflict: Lessons from the U.S.
Experience in Afghanistan, 9/2016, ii, p. 9.
14. Public Procurement Unit, Ministry of Finance, Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan, Report on Assessment of National Procurement
Systems, 3/2008, p. 11.
15. Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan,
Transforming Wartime Contracting: controlling costs, reducing
risks, 8/2011, p. 1.
16. Integrity Watch Afghanistan, Fighting Corruption in
Afghanistan: Solving the Institutional Puzzle, 11/2016, p. 2.
17. Transparency International. “Afghanistan must refocus efforts
to fight against corruption to safeguard US$12 billion in new
aid,” news release, 10/4/2016.
18. For details on the Ministry of Public Works contracting investigation,
see the investigations portion of Section 2 of this
quarterly report.
19. Col. Charles Worshim III, U.S. Army, “Operation: Procurement
Reform,” army.mil, 5/3/2016. Originally published in the April–
June issue of Army AL&T Magazine.
20. NPA, “The Public Procurement Law has been approved by
the Afghan Parliament,” http://ppu.gov.af, 1/20/2016, accessed
1/7/2017.
21. Paul R. Schapper (Curtin University, Australia), Joao N. Vega
Malta (Inter-American Development Bank), and Diane L. Gilbert
(procurement consultant), “An Analytical Framework for the
Management and Reform of Public Procurement.” Journal of
Public Procurement 6:1+3, 2006, pp. 2–3.
22. Transparency International, From Promises to Action:
Navigating Afghanistan’s Anti-Corruption Commitments,
9/2016, p. 29.
23. NPA, “NPC approves 20 contracts with the total value of more
than 12.5 billion Afs,” http://ppu.gov.af, 1/2/2017, accessed
1/7/2017.
24. National Procurement Authority, Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan, “Procurement Law,” http://ppu.gov.af, accessed
1/7/2017.
25. Transparency International. “Afghanistan must refocus efforts
to fight against corruption to safeguard US$12 billion in new
aid,” news release, 10/4/2016.
26. Yama Yari profile page, LinkedIn.com, https://www.linkedin.
com/in/yama-yari-10026134. Accessed 12/26/2016.
27. Pajhwok News, “NPA blacklists 83 firms, saves 15b afs in 18
months,” reporting on Yama Yari press conference, 10/3/2016.
28. NPA, “Procurement Transparency, Empowering Economy,”
summary report provided to SIGAR, 11/1/2016.
29. Transparency International, From Promises to Action:
Navigating Afghanistan’s Anti-Corruption Commitments,
9/2016, p. 29.
30. Col. Charles Worshim III, U.S. Army, “Operation: Procurement
Reform,” army.mil, 5/3/2016. Originally published in the April–
June issue of Army AL&T Magazine.
31. U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center, “Expanding Horizon,”
asc.army.mil, 6/20/2016. Originally published in the April–June
issue of Army AL&T Magazine.
32. Murtaza Noori, “How Is Afghanistan’s Fight Against Corruption
Going?” The Diplomat weblog, thediplomat.com, 1/14/2017,
accessed 1/16/2017.
33. For more information on suspensions and debarments based
on SIGAR’s investigative work, see section 2 of each Quarterly
Report to the United States Congress.
34. General Services Administration, “Frequently Asked Questions:
Suspension & Debarment,” gsa.gov, accessed 12/28/2016.
35. NPA, “History of Debarred Companies,” http://ppu.gov.af/Beta/
More/ALL_LDS.aspx, accessed 1/7/2017.
36. World Bank Group, Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016:
Assessing Public Procurement Systems in 77 Economies, 2016,
p. 1.
37. World Bank Group, Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016:
Assessing Public Procurement Systems in 77 Economies, 2016,
p. 53.
38. World Bank Group, Benchmarking Public Procurement 2017:
Assessing Public Procurement Regulatory Systems in 180
Economies, 2016, pp. 52–53.
39. Transparency International, From Promises to Action:
Navigating Afghanistan’s Anti-Corruption Commitments,
9/2016, p. 14.
40. DOD IG, The Combined Security Transition Command-
Afghanistan Needs to Strengthen the Controls Over U.S. Direct
Assistance Funding, Report No. DODIG-2017-027, 12/1/2016,
p. 4.
41. DOD IG, The Combined Security Transition Command-
Afghanistan Needs to Strengthen the Controls Over U.S. Direct
Assistance Funding, Report No. DODIG-2017-027, 12/1/2016,
p. 12.
42. DOD IG, The Combined Security Transition Command-
Afghanistan Needs to Strengthen the Controls Over U.S. Direct
Assistance Funding, Report No. DODIG-2017-027, 12/1/2016,
p. 6.
43. SIGAR, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress,
4/30/2016, p. 148.
44. Murtaza Noori, “How Is Afghanistan’s Fight Against Corruption
Going?” The Diplomat weblog, thediplomat.com, 1/14/2017,
accessed 1/16/2017.
45. Integrity Watch Afghanistan, Fighting Corruption in
Afghanistan: Solving the Institutional Puzzle, 11/2016, p. 2.
46. Asian Development Bank, Developing Procurement Capacity
for Improved Procurement Outcomes, Technical Assistance
Report, Project No. 46227-01, 12/2012, p. 5.
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