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that meaning went beyond materiality of the thing; it was extended to the endowed sign. Thus, consumption changed from object use to the cr eation and consumption of meaning. Objects were consumed based on meaning and the sign they conveyed to others. Baudrillard advocated an understanding that in this shift objects are not actually consumed, instead people consume signs that find their expression through objects. Thus, in order for an object to be consumed, it must be a sign. This shifted consumption from The defining feature of a shift from modern to postmodern consumer society is the dematerialization of objects into signs, a concept advocated by Jean Baudrillard. While principal aspects like economic profit and advertising remained present, there were interesting shifts in consumption due to the identification of objects assigns. This affected ideas of human relationships, the cycle of need/want, and the concept of fetishism, and shifted the defining feature of society from production to consumption. Signs In the postmodern period of consumerism, Baudrillard believed that “consumption, in so far as it is meaningful, is a systematic act of the manipulation of signs”. He advocated that it was not actually the material object that people were interested in consuming, but the sign that was present in the object. Instead of looking to the materiality of the object, people were interested in consuming external meaning. This meant “Human relations ten ... in and through obje the necessary mediati substitutive sign, the tions. We can see that are not objects but the the idea of the relation in the series of object it. This is no longer a abstracted and annulle where it is co material need to the desire for signs and meaning. The shift in the consumption of goods to the consumption of signs affected the needs/ wants debate. Baudrillard argues that the idea that need or want is inherently tied to buy/ purchase is false and a tautology. He criticizes this approach as a “consumed reflection on consumption”; self-evident notions of needs and satisfactions will only ever lead to consumer analyses. Instead of looking at needs, 32
tend to be consumed bjects, which become iation and, rapidly, the , the alibi, of the relathat what is consumed the relation itself...it is tion that is consumed jects which manifests er a lived relation: it is ulled in an object-sign s consumed.” postmodern consumer society goes beyond objects as signs however; this is the period when the procurement of goods begins to affect human interaction. The change in objects from material goods to signs allows for different entities in life to also become signs. Baudrillard notices this with relationships between people; the ability to commoditize a relationship through sign placement allows for the relation to be consumed. attention must be given to the understanding of objects as signs and their interchangeability. In this perspective, objects cannot be tied to function but to a sign that depends on the recognition and/or interpretation done by the owner. This fluidity of signification is something new to objects. This allows the desire for objects to widen and include a desire for signs, creating more wants to be satisfied. The manipulation of sign into an object personalizes the experience for the consumer while broadening the target group of an item. Multiple signs may exist in one item ensuring more connection to consumers. Baudrillard believes that tracing specific needs is impossible because they no longer exist; they have been replaced by desires that are created and are not inherent. Consumers no longer look for objects to fill a need, but for signs to fulfill a desire. Because false needs are not natural needs and desire is limitless, satisfaction and fulfillment are impossible. Baudrillard states that if satisfaction is impossible, defining a need to be satisfied is also impossible, and thus needs can no longer be defined at all. Thus, “the system of consumption is based on a code of signs and differences, and not on need and pleasure”. This shifts the needs/wants debate because it takes it out of the context of definable needs and points to the inability of the desire of signs to provide satisfaction, highlighting the failure of consumption to create happiness. Human Interaction The importance of 33
Page 1: This book is dedicated to The Garba
Page 5 and 6: A little about this PUBLICATION Thr
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS 09 Introduction 15 What is
Page 9 and 10: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF HOARDING
Page 11 and 12: professionals have approached the b
Page 13 and 14: eader that he/ she is going through
Page 15 and 16: WHAT IS HOARDING? Many people today
Page 17 and 18: larger accumulation of goods that m
Page 19 and 20: these approaches, however, frame th
Page 21 and 22: CONSUMER THEORY While investigating
Page 23 and 24: Karl Marx opens Capital Volume One
Page 25 and 26: While a commodity is often describe
Page 27 and 28: The Dependence Effect The problemat
Page 29 and 30: Although advertising is more often
Page 31: view of the current world. The mani
Page 35 and 36: The shift from modernity to postmod
Page 37 and 38: phasizes the inconsistency of time
Page 39 and 40: controlled by objects instead of pe
Page 41 and 42: 41
Page 43 and 44: A medical construction of hoarding
Page 45 and 46: the best way to identify a social p
Page 47 and 48: terpretation of ow social acf the b
Page 49 and 50: Each approach addresses the objecti
Page 51 and 52: Hoarding as a medical construction
Page 53 and 54: ty and profitability of treatments)
Page 55 and 56: Medications are thus intended to tr
Page 57 and 58: Studies aim to pinpoint the definit
Page 59 and 60: Studies on Hoarding Many studies co
Page 61 and 62: 01 02 A relief of obsessional doubt
Page 63 and 64: others, for example due to fear of
Page 65 and 66: understanding the behaviour, there
Page 67 and 68: Flaws and Limitations of ‘distres
Page 69 and 70: 69
Page 71 and 72: 71
Page 73 and 74: The moral and mass media constructi
Page 75 and 76: Moral regulation necessarily involv
Page 77 and 78: hen found linked an intrinsic charr
Page 79 and 80: tion, poor air quality, or structur
Page 81 and 82: counts rarely mention family tensio
Page 83 and 84:
A&E’s Hoarders begins working to
Page 85 and 86:
this and advocate assistance for ho
Page 87 and 88:
In more recent episodes, specifical
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Interestingly, some hoarders have o
Page 91 and 92:
A hoarder who is aggressive is stan
Page 93 and 94:
93
Page 95 and 96:
come from the bottom up, not the to
Page 97 and 98:
is considered disorganized or clean
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culture figures, but the listalso i
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sional organizer’ draws attention
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103
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es, they may be considered less pro
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OBJECT ATTACHMENT Ideologies involv
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ecoming substitutions for human int
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Liquid modernity describes a consta
Page 113 and 114:
In the case of hoarding, space beco
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emphasizing the continual concrete
Page 117 and 118:
Hoarding is a behaviour that descri
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For Liquid Modern Society, the clai
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Like many behaviours that fall into
Page 123 and 124:
that can be used to enforce a clean
Page 125 and 126:
125
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The complex nature of hoarding as a
Page 129 and 130:
keep everything. Animal hoarders ge
Page 131 and 132:
considering whether to throw things
Page 133 and 134:
All doors and stairways of the home
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Hoarding disorder can cause problem
Page 137 and 138:
Diagnosing Hoarding Disorder: Speci
Page 139 and 140:
139
Page 141 and 142:
01 Hoarding: The Basics https://www
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