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13
CONTENTS
0-8493-1141-1/02/$0.00+$1.50
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
Kinetics of Uptake
of Cell-Penetrating
Peptides
Matjazˇ Zorko, Mattias Hällbrink, and Ülo Langel
13.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................277
13.2 Methodological Considerations ...................................................................278
13.2.1 Cells..................................................................................................279
13.2.2 Incubation of Cells with CPP ..........................................................279
13.2.3 Detection of CPP .............................................................................280
13.2.4 Quantification of CPPs in Membranes ............................................282
13.2.5 Additional Consideration .................................................................283
13.3 Types of Kinetic Experiments and Data Analysis.......................................283
13.3.1 Single Time Point Measurements....................................................283
13.3.2 Uptake Measurements as a Function of Time.................................284
13.3.3 Progress Curves at Different CPP Concentrations..........................285
13.4 Results from CPP Uptake Kinetics Measurements.....................................285
13.4.1 Transportan.......................................................................................285
13.4.2 Transportan Analogues.....................................................................287
13.4.3 Penetratin and Penetratin Analogues ...............................................289
13.4.4 Tat and Tat Analogues......................................................................289
13.4.5 MAP and MAP Analogues ..............................................................290
13.4.6 Comparison of CPPs and the Effect of Cargo on the Rate
of Internalization..............................................................................290
13.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective............................................................291
Acknowledgments..................................................................................................291
References..............................................................................................................292
13.1 INTRODUCTION
The study of internalization kinetics of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) is an important
tool for understanding the uptake process. Not only does it reveal the rate by
which CPPs are taken up by cells, but it can also give additional insights, particularly
in combination with other methods. For instance, the quantity of a CPP maximally
277