Penetratins 49 28. Derossi, D. et al., Trojan peptides: the penetratin system for intracellular delivery, Trends Cell Biol., 8, 84, 1998. 29. Prochiantz, A., Messenger proteins: homeoproteins, TAT and others, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 12, 400, 2000. 30. Thoren, P.E. et al., The antennapedia peptide penetratin translocates across lipid bilayers — the first direct observation, FEBS Lett., 482, 265, 2000. 31. Theodore, L. et al., Intraneuronal delivery of protein kinase C pseudosubstrate leads to growth cone collapse, J. Neurosci., 15, 7158, 1995. 32. Allinquant, B. et al., Downregulation of amyloid precursor protein inhibits neurite outgrowth in vitro, J. Cell. Biol., 128, 919, 1995. 33. Perez, F. et al., Rab3A and rab3b carboxy-terminal peptides are both potent and specific inhibitors of prolactin release by rat cultured anterior pituitary cells, Mol. Endocrinol., 8, 1278, 1994. 34. Prochiantz, A., Peptide nucleic acid smugglers, Nat. Biotechnol., 16, 819, 1998. 35. Lindgren, M. et al., Cell-penetrating peptides, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 21, 99, 2000. 36. Troy, C.M. et al., Downregulation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase leads to cell death via the nitric oxide-peroxynitrite pathway, J. Neurosci., 16, 253, 1996. 37. Kokunai, T. et al., Overcoming of radioresistance in human gliomas by p21WAF1/CIP1 antisense oligonucleotide, J. Neurooncol., 51, 111, 2001. 38. Wang, J. et al., Grb10, a positive, stimulatory signaling adapter in platelet-derived growth factor BB-, insulin-like growth factor I-, and insulin-mediated mitogenesis, Mol. Cell Biol., 19, 6217, 1999. 39. Riedel, H. et al., PSM, a mediator of PDGF-BB-, IGF-I-, and insulin-stimulated mitogenesis, Oncogene, 19, 39, 2000. 40. Schutze-Redelmeier, M.P. et al., Introduction of exogenous antigens into the MHC class I processing and presentation pathway by Drosophila Antennapedia homeodomain primes cytotoxic T cells in vivo, J. Immunol., 157, 650, 1996. 41. Chikh, G. et al., Characterization of hybrid CTL epitope delivery systems consisting of the Antennapedia homeodomain peptide vector formulated in liposomes, J. Immunol. Methods, 254, 119, 2001. 42. Troy, C.M. and Shelanski, M.L., Down-regulation of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase causes apoptotic death in PC12 neuronal cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 6384, 1994. 43. Troy, C.M. et al., The contrasting roles of ICE family proteases and interleukin-1beta in apoptosis induced by trophic factor withdrawal and by copper/zinc superoxide dismutase down-regulation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 5635, 1996. 44. Sherr, C.J. and Roberts, J.M., CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression, Genes Dev., 13, 1501, 1999. 45. Fahraeus, R. et al., Inhibition of pRb phosphorylation and cell-cycle progression by a 20- residue peptide derived from p16CDKN2/INK4A, Curr. Biol., 6, 84, 1996. 46. Fahraeus, R. et al., Characterization of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory domain of the INK4 family as a model for a synthetic tumour sup<strong>press</strong>or molecule, Oncogene, 16, 587, 1998. 47. Fujimoto, K. et al., Inhibition of pRb phosphorylation and cell cycle progression by an antennapedia-p16(INK4A) fusion peptide in pancreatic cancer cells, Cancer Lett., 159, 151, 2000. 48. Fahraeus, R. and Lane, D.P., The p16(INK4a) tumour sup<strong>press</strong>or protein inhibits alphavbeta3 integrin-mediated cell spreading on vitronectin by blocking PKC-dependent localization of alphavbeta3 to focal contacts, Embo. J., 18, 2106, 1999.
50 Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Processes and Applications 49. Chen, Y.N. et al., Selective killing of transformed cells by cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 antagonists, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 4325, 1999. 50. Sharma, S.K. et al., Identification of E2F-1/Cyclin A antagonists, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 11, 2449, 2001. 51. Lin, X. et al., SSeCKS, a major protein kinase C substrate with tumor sup<strong>press</strong>or activity, regulates G(1) — >S progression by controlling the ex<strong>press</strong>ion and cellular compartmentalization of cyclin D, Mol. Cell Biol., 20, 7259, 2000. 52. Herbert, T.P. et al., Rapid induction of apoptosis mediated by peptides that bind initiation factor eIF4E, Curr. Biol., 10, 793, 2000. 53. Hutton, F.G. et al., Consequences of disruption of the interaction between p53 and the larger adenovirus early region 1B protein in adenovirus E1 transformed human cells, Oncogene, 19, 452, 2000. 54. Mittelman, J.M. and Gudkov, A.V., Generation of p53 sup<strong>press</strong>or peptide from the fragment of p53 protein, Somat. Cell Mol. Genet., 25, 115, 1999. 55. Komarov, P.G. et al., A chemical inhibitor of p53 that protects mice from the side effects of cancer therapy, Science, 285, 1733, 1999. 56. Giorello, L., et al., Inhibition of cancer cell growth and c-Myc transcriptional activity by a c-Myc helix 1-type peptide fused to an internalization sequence, Cancer Res., 58, 3654, 1998. 57. Pescarolo, M.P. et al., A retro-inverso peptide homologous to helix 1 of c-Myc is a potent and specific inhibitor of proliferation in different cellular systems, FASEB J., 15, 31, 2001. 58. Liu, G.S. et al., Protein kinase C-epsilon is responsible for the protection of preconditioning in rabbit cardiomyocytes, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol., 31, 1937, 1999. 59. Dostmann, W.R. et al., Highly specific, membrane-permeant peptide blockers of cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ialpha inhibit NO-induced cerebral dilation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 14772, 2000. 60. Hall, H. et al., Inhibition of FGF-stimulated phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and neurite outgrowth by a cell-membrane permeable phosphopeptide, Curr. Biol., 6, 580, 1996. 61. Peck, D. and Isacke, C.M., Hyaluronan-dependent cell migration can be blocked by a CD44 cytoplasmic domain peptide containing a phosphoserine at position 325, J. Cell Sci., 111, 1595, 1998. 62. Calvet, S. et al., Identification of a signaling pathway activated specifically in the somatodendritic compartment by a heparan sulfate that regulates dendrite growth, J. Neurosci., 18, 9751, 1998. 63. Bardelli, A. et al., A peptide representing the carboxyl-terminal tail of the met receptor inhibits kinase activity and invasive growth, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 29274, 1999. 64. Nielsen, P.E., Peptide nucleic acids as therapeutic agents, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 9, 353, 1999. 65. Villa, R. et al., Inhibition of telomerase activity by a cell-penetrating peptide nucleic acid construct in human melanoma cells, FEBS Lett., 473, 241, 2000. 66. Simmons, C.G. et al., Synthesis and membrane permeability of PNA-peptide conjugate, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 3001, 1997. 67. Pooga, M. et al., Cell penetrating PNA constructs regulate galanin receptor levels and modify pain transmission in vivo, Nat. Biotechnol., 16, 857, 1998. 68. Maizel, A. et al., A short region of its homeodomain is necessary for engrailed nuclear export and secretion, Development, 126, 3183, 1999. 69. Joliot, A. et al., Identification of a signal sequence necessary for the unconventional secretion of engrailed homeoprotein, Curr. Biol., 8, 856, 1998.
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CELL- PENETRATING PEPTIDES Processe
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Pharmacology and Toxicology: Basic
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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to the handbook are prominent resea
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REFERENCES 1. Green, M. and Loewens
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Contributors Mats Andersson Microbi
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Erin T. Pelkey Department of Chemis
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Contents Section I Classes of Cell-
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Interactions of Cell-Penetrating Pe
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Structure Prediction of CPPs and It
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Structure Prediction of CPPs and It
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Structure Prediction of CPPs and It
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Structure Prediction of CPPs and It
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Structure Prediction of CPPs and It
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FIGURE 9.7 (Color Figure 9.7 follow
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FIGURE 9.8 The center of the figure
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Structure Prediction of CPPs and It
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Structure Prediction of CPPs and It
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Structure Prediction of CPPs and It
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Structure Prediction of CPPs and It
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Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Vector
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Index A Abaecin, 129 Abz radiolabel
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Index 401 structure prediction, 187
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Index 403 pRB proteins, Tat-E1A bin
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Index 405 lipid perturbation (secon