THE EARLY AGE OF GREECE VOL.I by W.Ridgeway 1901

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WHO WERE THE MAKERS ? 187
a son Ancaeus who reigned over the Leleges as they are called ;
that Ancaeus married Samia daugiiter of the river Maeander
and had by her Samus. But at the time of the great migration
" the Samians received a body of Ionian settlers not because
they loved them, but because they could not help
it. The
leader of the lonians was Procles son of Pityreus
: he was an
Epidaurian, and most of the people
that he led were also
Epidaurians, who had been expelled from Epidauria by the
Argives under Deiphontes. This Procles was of the lineage of
lou son of Xuthus." In the reign of his son Leofjorus the
Ephesians drove the Samians out of the island, on the charge
that the Samians " had joined the Carians in plotting against
the lonians." Some of the exiles settled in an island of Thrace
previously known as Dardania, but from its new colonists
henceforward called Samothi-ace. Lcogorus with another body
fortified himself at Anaea on the opposite mainland and ten
years later expelled thii Ephesians
and recovered the island
(c/ p. 650)^
As the Maeander is in Caria, this tale points to a direct
connection betwx*en the Leleges and the Carians of the
mainland.
Some UKjdern writers hold tiiat the Carians were distinct
in race from the Leleges because of a statement of Philip of
Suangela (Theangela), a grammarian wlio wrote a histoiy of
Caria, that the Leleges were the serfs of ihe Carians.
But this is to ignore wholly the evidence of Herod(jtus,
himself a native of Halicarnassus in Caria, and that of Thucydides
and Strabo, which we have just quoted. Thei'e is no
reason to doubt the accuiacv of Philip, but there is iui easy
means of reconciling his statement with that of the earlier
authoi'ities,
llei-odotus und Thurydides, and that of Strabo who
appears to have had a thoidugh kiiowledgt; of i'hilij)"s history.
The Leleges, who occupied eight towns in the i-egion of Myndiis,
had settled there after their expulsion from Mysia. Thev were
thert'fore not that j)arti('ular part,
of the ti'ibe who had been so
long associated wit h the ('avians in the islands, tlutugh of course
originally of the same tribe. There is then no ditlirultv in
suj)po.sing that the arians ( in the days of their powei- had little
188 WHO WERE THE MAKERS ?
scruple in reducing to a condition of serfdom their cousins of
the peninsula of Myndus. That tribes closely related in blood
frequently enslave their kinsfolk is notorious, even when there
has been no long dissociation. The Normans had no hesitation
in making serfs of their Saxon kindred whom they found settled
in England.
Let us now return to the mainland of Greece, where we learn
from Pausanias that the older inhabitants of Megara
on the
coming of Lelex from Egypt changed their name to Leleges
(just as the old Pelasgi of Argolis were called Danaans after
Danaus)^ The Megarians said that their city had its name
long before, as it was so called by Car, the son of Phoroneus, who
reigned there eleven generations before Lelex.
"
According to the Lacedemonians themselves the first
king who reigned in their country was Lelex, an aboriginal,
and from him the people over whom he ruled were named
Leleges-."
Again, Pausanias tells us that Pylus was founded by Pylus,
son of Cleson, who had brought from the Megarid the Leleges,
who at that time occupied
it. On being driven thence by Nelus
and his Pelasgians from lolcus Pylus withdrew and founded
iti
Pylus EHs^
The inferences to be drawn from these various passages are
that the Carians and Leleges were either closely related as
sister tribes of the same ethnic stock, or that they were actually
identical. The fii'st is the more reasonable. For the fact that
thi; graves and buildings of the Leleges were spread
all over
Caria and were also known at ]\liletus, called by Homei- "a
city of the barbarous speaking Carians," combined with the
statement that the Carians of the islands wei-e called Leleges
in early times, is best e.\j)laine(l by supposing that tht^re were
two tribes as closely connected as the;
Illyrians and Enchelians,
so that just as the Enchelians got lost in the Illyrian name, so
the Leleges were absorbed into that of the (\'irians. As the
Carians admitted the Lvdians and Mysiaiis to tlie teni]ile of Zens
Caiius on the ground of their kinship, and as the Leleges are
proved to have dwelt in the veiy pai't of Mysia where Teuthras,
Tele])hus, and Eurypylus ivigned i-ound Fedasus, and as we
I'hus. \ii. 4, 1- ;$.
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in. 1,1.
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