THE EARLY AGE OF GREECE VOL.I by W.Ridgeway 1901

THE BROOCH. 555
556 THE BROOCH,
The body of the fibula begins by being straight and
The fibulae with swollen bow. are found also in Carniola,
parallel to the pin.
It was formed by twisting a long ordinary
Hungary, the north of the Balkan peninsula, and in Greece,
Bronze Age pin into a safety-pin. This was found not to but
give
the enlargement often becomes a series of small knobs.
room enough for the cloth of the garment, hence the bow From the shape
high-arched fibula with the middle of the bow
was adopted
first the bow was
;
very high and semicircular, then
enlarged come the forms known as the Boat and the Leech.
lower. The disc was originally formed by several twists of a
Sometimes the nose is elongated and ends in a button : sometimes
they are ornamented with amber or decorated with
fine round wire
;
the number of twists became smaller, the wire
became broader and flattened, and the diameter of the
animals
disc
on the back. An analogous fibula with a head of a
increased. In some cases the original spiral can just be traced,
moufion was found at Koban*.
then the disc becomes a complete plate, the body and The
spring
leech-shaped fibulae are found not only at Olympia, but
are all of one piece like the modern safety-pin, In series 2 the
also at Dodona''.
process of evolution was much the same as in series 1. The
The type derived from the high-arched bow, ornamented
bow is sometimes furnished with rings, with little ribs or with knobs,
big
glass beads and the like, is rare to the south, but is
ribs, but it more frequently bulges out. Many of the fibulae
common to the north of the Apennines, especially around Como
of this series have their body formed of one or more pieces of
and Maggiore.
Plain wire bows ornamented with a single bead, which are
found along with the leech type at Corneto, are probably later
in origin than the latter.
The serpentine fibula appears along with the boat.
South Italy yields fibulae with a knob-shaped appendage
and a similar one has been found at Olympia. They resemble
Fio. 10(5. Bronze Fibula, Peschiera.
those seen on some women on the Frau(,'ois vase.
There is a class of serpentine fibulae with a bow formed
amber, glass, or bone. The catcii of the oldest examples of
of two wires which unite into a single pin. These are found in
series 2 is veiy short, but it soon grows large and almost semicircular
Italy and also at Olympia.
;
the bow springs out (jf the middle of the catch
;
later
Both boat-shaped and serpentine fibulae are found equally
it is usually very small, but the bow always starts from the
over all Italy. The fibulae of the boat type are found in gold
middle of it. It becomes vi'iy elongated, opening fi-om at Caere and Vulci. One of these is so
above,
beautiful, that Mr S.
and finally
it terminates in a knob, at first small, then Reinach^ thinks that it must be the work of a Greek settled
very
large.
Next the opening of the eatch is placed at
in
the side
Etruria. But the explanation of Etruscan art as a whole,
instead of on the top. Finally the exti'emity of the catch
already offered (pp. :^50 1), applies to the fine workmanship of
curves up. This is the retfular characteristic of the Ktruscan
these fibulae.
brooch(\s ot the Certosa ty])e (Fig. 111).
The Gertosa type
is common in the provinces of Bergamo
Th(! immediate derivatives from the simple
f'oi'ni ai'e I'ound
and Como, the I'egion of Este, the Austrian Alps and in Bosnia
both in llungary and in IJosnia. The type with the ((Jlusinatz).
])laiii
ai'ched bow is found in all
Italy, the l:>alkan, on the coast of
'
S. Eeiiiacli, Inc. (it.
-
Asia Minor, and in the most aneient ceinet-ei'ies of the Caucasus,
Cariii)iinos, Dodone ct .s'c.sruined,
PI. i. fig. 1.
especially at Koban. ^
hoc. cit.