THE EARLY AGE OF GREECE VOL.I by W.Ridgeway 1901

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THE BROOCH. 561
found, there were several dozen pins from 4 to 4|^ inches long,
some of which have a round head, others a head in the form of a
spiral.
The pins of the Mycenae graves are very similar to the
Trojan ones, but their size and thickness, and the rich, sometimes
even figured decorations of their heads, prove without a
doubt that they were intended as ornaments for the hair^
Indeed there is no place for the fibula in the dress of either
men or women of the Mycenean period, for the men are either
represented as stark naked, or wearing a loin cloth, which
sometimes takes the form of a pair of drawers (p. 297) and the
;
Mycenean woman wears a long
cJiiton with a flounced skirt.
This contrasts sharply with the dress of the Homeric period,
when the Achean man wore a chiton and a chlaina secured
with a tibula like the people of central and upper Europe,
while the woman was clad in a chiton and a peplos fitted with
fibulae. The fact is that the people of the sunny South did
not reciuire the warm clothes which were an absolute necessity
for the folk who dwelt in the I'ealm of Boreas.
On ({rock soil the fibula first makes its appearance in the
tombs of the Lower City at Mycenae, where several examples of
very early forms (jf the safety-pin have come to light. Only
one example of the type which seems to have come directly
from the long bi'onze pin with a head formed by twisting
the wiro into a s))ii-al
is as yet known. This Avas found in a
chaniben'd tomb with a fil>ula of the ordinary Peschiera type
(Fig. ]()()). Both wen,' about (S inches long. Othei" exaiuj)les
of this brooch have been found. In the ceiutiteiy at Salaniis
M. Kal)badia.s found s(n'efal bi'onzc biooches having theii' bow
much nioic arched. Anothei' and latci- xai'iety of fibula has the
wire of the bow fiat toned out, into a thin plate, wide in the
middio aiul tapci'lng
to tlw ends. In addition to the single
specinicn trnin .Mycenao
l)ell.hi^
anotlu r has now conic to hand at
It is likewise to be cari'fully obserxcd that til)iilao
appeal' in the late .Mycenean ceniefery
Si-liucliliaiilt. lip. . :i7.
'I's(jimtiis an. I Ataiialt, nji. fit.. \)\k Klli 1.
at Salaniis, whei-e
K. ;5G
562 THE BROOCH.
instances of cremation (probably of Achean origin) were
discovered (p. 32).
In Cyprus only a few examples of the fibula have been
found in Mycenean tombs, but the reader will remember that
the Mycenean age comes down far later in Cyprus than on the
mainland of Greece (p. 206). Two safety-pins were found at
Enkomi (near the ancient Salamis where Teucer and his
Acheans settled). One of these is completely, the other almost,
identical with most of those found at Mycenae and known as
the Peschiera type. Another fibula from Enkomi exhibits a
slight modification, as " its bow rises towards the foot, which
holds the jDin in a small sheath" (Fig. 113)\
Fig. 113. Bronze Fibula, Cyprus.
From the simple safety-pin springs a type of brooch of
elliptical form with two slight projections on the bow. This
form is
commonly found in tombs dating 700 500 B.c.'-
Sometimes these resemble a triangle with one curved side,
n(jt unlike a harp. One such was found at Curium. Two
others from ]\Iaroni" (Figs. 114 5) are also in the British
Museum. Two similar fibulae made of gold wore found at
Paphos in 1888 along with a sub-Myconean pseudamphora^
Fk;. 111. (lold I'Miula. ('v]irus. Fui. 115. (iold Filiulu, Cyprus.
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