THE EARLY AGE OF GREECE VOL.I by W.Ridgeway 1901

INHUMATION, CREMATION, AND THE SOUL. 551
did not subdue the dead man's thought, and whilst on the
one hand it was impossible for the Salaminians to cast his
body ut of the land, so his spirit
would be ever present to
keep th island safe for Athens.
The body of Phalanthus the founder of Tarentum was
treated in like fashion. We are told that it was taken up and
burned, and its ashes scattered over the market-place of
Tarentum \ No one henceforth could carry it off and use it
against Tarentum, as the Spartans had done with that of
Orestes to the bane of Tegea.
As there is no dovibt that the Hindus and Persians had
entered countries occupied by alien races, and that their own
doctrines respecting the soul were modified by those of the
conquered, so the Acheans (whose doctrines differed essentially
from the Pelasgian, with which they eventually blended) had
similarly entered Greece as conquerors. But, as it has been
shown that the Achean practice of cremation and doctrine of
the soul correspond to those of the fair-haired people of upper
Europe, the Acheans must have entered Greece from that
quarter.
'
.Justin, n. 4. 13.
CHAPTER
THE BROOCH.
VIII.*
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eN A' Ap' ecAN nepoNAi Ayo kaI Agka hacai
XpyceiM, kAhTcin eyrNA'vvnTOic' ApApyTAi.
Od. XVIII. 2934.
One of the distinguishing features of the Hallstatt culture
is the presence of brooches, which were certainly used by
both sexes (p. 423) for fastening on the garments. The origin
of the brooch and its
development is a subject of great interest,
from more than one point of view, since it can be used as a
criterion of considerable value to settle some questions of
historical importance.
We have already (p. 298) remarked on the total absence of
the fibula in the graves on the acropolis of Mycenae, and we
does it
noticed that only at the close of the Mycenean period
(concurrently with iron) first make its appearance.
On the other hand, in the full Iron Age of the Homeric
poems the brooch is a recognized part of the ordinary attire of
both sexes.
The form of fibula found in the graves of the Lower
'
City at Mycenae resembles the safety-pin of to-day (cf. Fig.
106). This form is
commonly met with over the countries
on both sides of the Adriatic. When, how, and where, did it
originate ? Fortunately these (|uostions are not hampered by
one of the many difficulties which surround so many archaeological
problems, for no one will attempt to say that the brooch
was invented in either Egypt or Babjionia or Phoenicia, and
that it made its
way thence into Europe.
In the Aegean area the brooch does not a})pear till the Iron
Age, but when we pass to northern Italy we find that not only
the primitive safety-pin, but several very marked modifications