THE EARLY AGE OF GREECE VOL.I by W.Ridgeway 1901

'
'
THE BROOCH. 577
how it is that occasional fibulae are found in Mycenean remains,
which also yield objects of iron.
Let us now return to the fibulae with two or four discs
(class B). In Italy this type is almost exclusively met with in
the south, rarely in the central region, and never north of the
Apennines. It is however common in Greece and the other lands
to the east of the Adriatic and, as some four hundred of them
were found at Hallstatt, they are often termed the 'Hallstatt'
type. They are comnKmly held to be Greek rather than Italian.
But though this type is found in Greece, it is rash to say that it
is of Greek origin. Fur no bronze ornaments
consisting either of a single spiral
disc or of two or more such, out of which
the 'spectacle' fibula could have sprung,
have been found at Mycenae, Tiryns,
Hissarlik, in Attica, or Cyprus. On the
other hand in north Italy and the
Danubiun region, not only are spiral
di.scs formed of hammered wire such as
those found in the pile-dwelling of the
Mondsee in the district of Salzburg', a characteristic (Fig. 128),
but pairs of similar discs (Fig. 124) made of copper are
also well known-: objects
of a similar kind
hav(; been found at
Glasinatz and Jez(,'rine",
where, as we saw
(p. 4.*?7) the s[)(,'ctacle
fibula is of common
occun-ence.
Again,
ornaments
consisting of foui' spiral
discs have been disco\ei'('<
-
*
Much, Kiin>=t]i}^tiiyhrhi'r Athis,
Much, (iji. cit.. p. .).'), 1*1. XVIII.
Truhclkii, Mi/lli^'il. aus Unsni,
()7, i''ig. t)0 (from .If/.criiuM.
*
Fifi. 128. Bronze Spiral,
Pile-dwelling, Mondsee,
Salzburi^'.
I'il. Duiible lironze Si)iriil ; Hungary.
1
lungary
")1, IM. wii.
IL'
12")). l)ron/.(
Vol. I., p. '.ti), Fig. IC.l ; .
Much, i>. S'.t, I'l. xx.wi. (t'ldin .'^pcciincn tound at T'clso-Dobsza, now at
liuda-rcsth).
578 THE BROOCH.
Fig. 125.
Quadruple Bronze Spiral;
Hungary.
pins with heads formed of one or more spirals (sometimes as
many as five) are a regular feature of the antiquities of all
this area as well as north Italy (Fig. 104)'.
Here then are all the antecedent
conditions which led
up to the complete evolution
not only of the spectacle
brooch, but of the primitive
safety-pin of the type with
the catch in the form of a
disc (Fig. 105): here is the
bronze pin with a head formed
of a single spiral disc, from
which in north Italy came the
safety-pin when the principle
;
of the fibula had thus been
evolved, it was an easy step
to add a pin, spring, and catch
to one of the older double
spiral ornaments, and thus the
'spectacle brooch' was produced, whilst a similar application
of the principle of the iibula to a bronze ornament of four
Fig. 12('). 'Spectacle" Fibula.
spirals
resulted in the brooch
with four discs (Fig. 127).
Now if, as wo have already
concluded from the data afforded
by the brooches of
class A (safety-pin), the fibula
passed down into Greece from
the head of the Adriatic, we
can readily explain how it is
that the fibulae with two or
foui- discs (Figs.
1 26, 1 27), such
as are found at Hallstatt, at
(Jlasinatz, and generally in
Much, i>p. cit., ]). ~)H, ri. XVIII. gives one of coj)per with live discs, " aus
der Sipka-hiihle bei Xeutitschein "; p. (il, I'l. xxii., Nos. (> and 7 (one spiral),
No. y (two spirals).