THE EARLY AGE OF GREECE VOL.I by W.Ridgeway 1901

'
THE BROOCH. 573
he came back to Athens, bringing word of the calamity, the
wives of those who had been sent out on the expedition took it
sorely to heart, that he alone should have survived the slaughter
of all the rest
; they therefore crowded round the man, and
struck him with the pins {irepovr)) by which their dresses were
fastened each, as she struck, asking him where he had left
her husband." For this murderous deed the Athenians punished
the women b}' compelling them " to wear the costume of the
lonians.
Till this time the Athenian women had worn a Dorian
dress shaped nearly like that which prevails at Corinth.
Henceforth they were made to wear the linen tunic which does
not require brooches. In very truth, however, this dress is not
originally Ionian, but Carian; for anciently the Greek women all
wore the costume which is now called the Dorian. It is said
further that the Argives and Eginetans made it a custom, on
this same account, for their women to wear brooches half as large
again as foimerly, and to offer brooches rather than anything
else in the temple of these goddesses"
( Damia and Auxesia)'.
He then " adds, From this early age to my own day the
Argive and Egmetan women have always continued to wear
their brooches larger than formerly through hatrt'd of the
AtlK'niaus."
The use oi' the Carian dress was probably due to the fact
that the original Ionian settlers, who had brought no women of
their own with them, which was es])ecially the case with the
emigrants from xVthens, mai'iied ( 'ariaii women whose fathers
and l)i'othei-s they had slain. The Ionian women never sat at.
table with tlieir husbands, on the ground that the ( aiian wives
of the first settlers ji.-ul refused to eat along with their husl)aiiils
or call them by their names because they had slain their
fathe-rs and blethers-. As theii- daughters had in this respeet
followed the prac:tiee of theil' ( 'ai'iaU lilothei'S, tlie\- likewise
Would naturally wear their mothers" cost nine, and thus it came
to pass that the liiiii;iii women wore a drrss which was reall\-
('ai'ian. 'i'he wmnen ef (ireece theretore ceuld net have gut
their fibulae tiom ('aria, as iid such lastriiei's wei'e wmwi with
the ("ai'iau dress.
V. S7, SS, llrll),!. I. 1 l(i.
576 THE BROOCH.
ethnical or chronological argument can be based on the
absence of these articles. To this I answer (1) that the
evidence of Schliemann's excavations shows that out of the
19 interments a considerable number were undoubtedly those
of females, and (2) that the use of fibulae was not confined to
women either in Homeric Greece or in central and upper
Europe. We are therefore justified in concluding that as there
are no brooches found with the interments of either men or
women in the acropolis graves such brooches were not in use at
the epoch when these interments took place and that as we
;
do find brooches in some graves of the Lower Town we may
conclude that these interments belong to a later period.
As the brooch does not appear in the acropolis graves of
Mycenae, and only came comparatively late into use in Attica,
we may infer with safety that it was not the invention of the
Pelasgians, and that, as it appears along with iron and cremation
in late Mycenean tombs, it came in with the Acheans, who
used both iron and brooches and burnt their dead in the
Homeric age.
This is confirmed by the fjxct that the fibula was not worn
by the Carians, who, as we have shown (p. 193), were identical
in race with the gions,
and it would
move downwards with the ti'ibes, who were at all times
descending into Kpirus, or Thi'ace, and thus it would be
brought by them into Greece, and as the Honu'ric Acheans
came with a full
knowledge of ii'on, we can readily untlerstand