THE EARLY AGE OF GREECE VOL.I by W.Ridgeway 1901

WHO WERE THE MAKERS ? 193
the cists, and that accordingly both forms of burial were
practised at the same time. Finally, the small cist-graves are
found in numbers round the two remarkable tumuli or chambered
graves near Assarlik, which from their architecture
and
style of construction they would assign to the seventh or even
the sixth century B.C. From this it seems quite possible that
cist-graves were in use among
the Carians down to the sixth
century, and when Thucydides made his comparison between
the ancient graves on Delos and the Carian graves in the
fifth century, the probability is that he knew that the ordinary
Carian buried his dead in such cist-graves.
But here the critic will at once raise the objection, that
we have identified the Carians with the Leleges and the old
population of Greece, and have thus been shutting our eyes to
the fact that the Carians spoke a language which was not
understood by Greeks \ for otherwise Homer would not have
specially marked them out by the epithet 'barbarous-speaking'
(Kape? /3apl3ap6(f)(i)voL). This difficulty is not so serious as it
may seem at first sight.
I have already had occasion to point out (p. 14G), when
discussing a similar difficulty in the case of the language of the
Pelasgians of Creston, Scylace, and Placia, that the Greeks
regarded as barbarous '
' the Illyrians and Thracians, who
nevertheless, as we know from modern researches, spoke a
language closely akin to Greek. It would therefore be reasonable
to regard Carian as equally cognate to Greek, even if we
had uo other evidence on the matter either from ancient
writers or niodera linguistic investigatii)ns. This at once disposes
of the assum|>tiou
that Carian must have been a non-
Indo-European speech, because of Homer's epithet.
But fortunately Strabo discussed the (piestion of the Carian
language, and his treatment of the subject and his woids are so
Judicious and so much to the point that I shall (piote them :
"But when Honier used the words XaCTTr;^ av Kaptof
y)yi)aaTo f3apl3apo(f)coi'(oi', it does not appear why, when he was
ae(iuainted with so many barbarous nations, he mentions thi'
'
llvvnd. Mil. ur,.
H. 13
194 WHO WERE THE MAKERS ?
Carians alone as barbarous-speaking, but does not call
any
people barbarians. Nor is Thucydides right, who says that
none were called barbarians, because as yet the Greeks were
not distinguished by any one name as opposed
other."
to some
Strabo goes on to say that Apollodorus, the grammarian,
said that the Greeks, and particularly the lonians, applied to
the Carians a common term in a peculiar and vituperative
sense, because they hated them for their animosity and continual
hostile incursions.
But he gives us a most valuable statement of Philip, the
grammarian, who wrote a history of Caria, that the Carian
language contained a very large mixture of Greek words. This
indicates that we have here a cognate of Greek, rather than a
language with many Greek loan-words. Strabo is probably
right in saying that the word ^dp^apo