THE EARLY AGE OF GREECE VOL.I by W.Ridgeway 1901

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446 THE EARLY IRON AGE IN EUROPE.
THE EARLY IRON AGE IX EUROPE. 445
llrioil. VII. 7-): dhti'Tid Tt Kid TrAras Kai i~, \(Lfaoia auiKfu.
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'rsoinitas and ^Fanatt, aji. cit. ji.
171.
was a culture for the most part independent of the Aegean
above of the weapons of the Illyrians buried at Jezerine.
people, with striking characteristics of its own.
apparent discrepancy between Homer and Herodotus respecting
Let us now shortly summarise the results of our examination
the Thracian swords can be easily explained by what we have
of the Hallstatt civilization and compare
it with that set
learned in the last chapter. For we saw that in later times
before us in Homer.
tribes which were in reality Celtic were termed Thracian
The warrior of Glasinatz when fully equipped wore a helmet
because they dwelt in Thrace. The cemeteries of Glasinatz
exactly corresponding to that of the Homeric Achean, he
have shown ns Celtic communities living amongst the native
carried a round shield with a large central boss, he wore a
Illyrians as early as 1100 B.C. It is therefore highly probable
hauberk, sometimes as at Hallstatt, formed by hollow plates of
that the famous Thracian sword, such as that used by the
bronze, sometimes as at Glasinatz, of a number of small bronze
Trojan Helenus and Asteropaeus the leader of the men of
sttids, stitched on to a leathern tunic
;
he protected his legs by
Paeonia (the later Pannonia), was the great sword of the
greaves of sheet bronze. His weapons consisted chiefly of a large
speai" with invading Celts.
a long shaft, which corresponds to the SoXi^oaKiov
The Glasinatz warriors employed palstaves and socketed
eyxo^ of Homer, and like the latter the Glasinatz spear was
shod with a butt-piece. The Paeonians are described by Homer
celts and also double-edged axes of iron. The Homeric hero
had both ' half-axes ' '
(rjfjbLTreXeKKa) and double-axes '
{jreXeas
armed with ' long spears,' and it is not improbable that in
Kel'i), while the graves at Mycenae show the latter only. The
them we have the prototype of the Macedonian sarissa, which
Hallstatt people of both sexes fastened on their garments with
Grote compared to the great pike (/cofrov) used by Ajax to
fibulae, as did also the Homeric Acheans. Brooches in the
defend the ships. Besides the large s})ear the warrior carried
several javelins
:
occasionally he wore shape of animals such as dogs and horses are known at
a swoi'd, sometimes of
Hallstatt, and Odysseus
is described as fastening his cloak
great size. Those of Glasinatz were all of iron, whilst at
with a brooch in the form of a dog seizing a fawn. The
Hallstatt iron was seen gradually superseding bronze. The
Hallstatt folk wore an under garment probably of linen, and
long ii'(Mi swords remind us of the ravv7]K^ liop and ravvrjKe'i
an upper garment probably of wool, just as the Achean wi)re a
^l(f)o)i and a cJdaina. The Hallstatt warrioi- of I'ank often
the fact that the Homeric poems themselves testify to the
wore a girdle wholly
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partly of bronze or some mateiial
large siz(.' of the swords employed in the countries lying north
as leather, thus recalling the bronze girdle iravaioXo^ i^wan^p
of (ii'eece. Thus Helemis smote Deipyrus with "a lai-ge
of ]\Ienelaus (p. 810). No such bronze belts were found in the
Thracian sword" (^icbei. ..(-)prjLKirp fxeydXro)', and it was pro-
Acropolis graves of Mycenae, although fragments of a bronze
))al)]y such a sword tliat Achilles, whf; oi O/ig/.'? ,a>',i'jToi'; i^it/xat Scliol. A.
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