Teaching With the Brain in Mind

Teaching with the Brain in Mind
Brain (cont’d)
emotional pathways in, 73–75, 74f, 79
energy use by, 10, 32
learning process in, 13–16, 14f
malleability of, 30–32
meaning-making in, 91–92, 92f
memory pathways in, 103, 103f, 107
models on workings of, 4
and nutrition, 10, 25–28, 27f
past vs. present, 17–19, 18f
prenatal development of, 19, 20f
rewards and, 64–67, 66f
size of, 8
and stored memories, locations of, 101f
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), 59, 86
Brain imaging, 2, 3f, 43
Brain research
on emotions, 72–73
interpretation of, 5f, 5–6
technologies for, 2–4, 3f
Brain stem, definition of, 116
Broca’s area, 9f
definition of, 116
Calcium deficiencies, and memory loss, 102
Calpain, as synapse “cleaner,” 26, 102
Cell body, of neuron, 11, 11f
Cells, in brain. See Glial cells; Neurons
Cerebellum, 9–10, 10f
definition of, 116
and early thinking skills, 22
and motor skills, 83–84, 100, 108
Cerebral cortex, 8, 116
Cerebral hemispheres. See Lateralization
Cerebrum, definition of, 116
Challenge, in educational environment, 32, 33f, 39
“Chance to Learn Project,” 35
Chemistry, of brain, 4–5. See also Neurotransmitters
and memory, 102
and sleep patterns, 24
Choice, student experience of, 39, 60, 70
Choline, and memory, 102
Cingulate gyrus, definition of, 116
Clinical studies, and brain research, 3
Computerized electrodes, and brain research, 3, 3f
Computers, in classrooms, and visual stress, 54
Confidence levels, and brain research, 5, 5f
Consciousness, location of, in brain, 9
Contamination, of episodic memory processing, 107
Content/context beliefs, 64
Context
and memory retrieval, 104
128
Context (cont’d)
and search for meaning, 92, 95–97
Contextual recall process, 106–107
Control, lack of, and learned helplessness, 57–59
Convergence zones, and memory retrieval, 102
Cooperative groups, in educational environment,
33, 94
Corpus callosum, 8, 35, 116
CORT, definition of, 116
Corticotropin, definition of, 116
Corticotropin release factor (CRF), definition of, 116
Cortisol, release of, 53, 108
CREB (protein molecule), and memory storage, 101
Cross-disciplinary curriculum, 96
Cross-lateral exercises, 89
Cylert, 49
Dance activities, and learning skills, 85, 87
Declarative memory, 104–107
“Deeply felt” meaning, 91
Dehydration, and brain functioning, 10, 26
Delta state, of sleep cycle, 25, 45f, 46f
Demotivation
chronic. See Learned helplessness
temporary, 63–64
Dendrites, 11f, 11–12, 12f, 116
Dentate nucleus, 83, 83f, 116
Detention, ineffectiveness of, 52–53
Discipline, and attention, 48–49
Dopamine, 15
definition of, 116
and impulsiveness, 49
and internal reward system, 66f, 67
“Down time,” and information processing, 45–48
Dream state, of sleep cycle, 25
Dyslexia, and prenatal stress hormones, 23
Early thinking skills, development of, 22, 27f
Eating. See Nutrition, and brain functioning
Education, models of, 1–2
EEG (electroencephalogram), 3, 3f
Electrodes, and brain research, 3, 3f
Electroencephalogram (EEG), 3, 3f
Emotional intelligence, 72, 84
early development of, 19–21, 27f
Emotions
chemistry of, 75
and decision making, 78–79
engagement of, suggestions for, 79–81, 94–95
and learning/memory, 78f, 78–79, 108–109, 111–112
mainstream research on, 72–73
and meaning, search for, 92–94