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FIGURE 8.4<br />
How Emotions Influence <strong>the</strong> Learner: They Are <strong>the</strong> Body’s Second Nervous System<br />
Chemical Messengers<br />
(Peptides to Receptor Sites)<br />
Peptide<br />
Messengers<br />
Distributed<br />
<strong>With</strong><strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Bloodstream<br />
Create Effects<br />
Throughout<br />
Entire Body<br />
Neurosurgeon Richard Bergland says,<br />
“[T]hought is not caged <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> bra<strong>in</strong> but is scattered<br />
all over <strong>the</strong> body” (Restak 1993, p. 207). He<br />
adds that he has little doubt <strong>the</strong> bra<strong>in</strong> operates<br />
77<br />
Central Nervous System<br />
(Axon-Synapse-Dendrites)<br />
Information<br />
Travels<br />
Only Along<br />
Fixed Axonal<br />
Pathways<br />
Feel<strong>in</strong>g states powerfully <strong>in</strong>fluence <strong>the</strong> learner's mean<strong>in</strong>g-mak<strong>in</strong>g, motivation,<br />
everyday behavior, and cognition. As an example, even if you like to go out<br />
danc<strong>in</strong>g, if you’re tired, you might pass on <strong>the</strong> opportunity.<br />
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Emotions and Learn<strong>in</strong>g<br />
more like a gland than a computer. It produces<br />
hormones, is ba<strong>the</strong>d <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, and is run by <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
Emotions trigger <strong>the</strong> chemical changes that alter<br />
our moods, behaviors, and, eventually, our lives. If