Teaching With the Brain in Mind

Teaching with the Brain in Mind
School readiness
and early childhood development, 21–26, 27f
prenatal effects on, 19, 23
Selective attention, 43–44
Semantic memory, 104–106
Semicircular canals. See Vestibular system
Sense meaning, 91
Sensory cortex, 9, 9f
Septum, definition of, 118
Serotonin, 15, 75, 76f
definition of, 118
and social stress, 54
and threats, 55
Short-term memory, 104
Singing, and brain stimulation, 38. See also Music
Sleep patterns
and napping, 48
during puberty, 24–25
Spatial recall process, 106–107
Spectrometers, and brain research, 4
States, emotional
and behavior, 15, 64, 75–78, 77f, 78f, 79
and learning, 93–94
and memory retrieval, 104, 111
Stimulus, processed in brain, 13–14, 14f
Stress/stress hormones
and attention, 44
and early brain development, 19, 23, 65
effect on neurons, 53f
and feelings of competence, 36
from information overload, 91
and learning, 53–55, 57f
reduction of, 59–61, 86
in social situations, 54
and thirst, 26
Stuttering, and prenatal stress hormones, 23
Substantia nigra, definition of, 118
SuperCamp model, vii–viii, 68–70
“Surface” meaning, 91
Synapse/synaptic connections, 12, 12f, 13–14, 14f
definition of, 118
and intelligence, 15–16
malleability of, 30–31
and “processing time,” 46, 47f
Taxon memory, 104–106
Teachers, attention cycles of, 47–48
Technology, and educational models, 2
Television
and reading skills, 23
and visual development, 22
132
Temporal lobes, 9, 9f
definition of, 118
and memory, 100, 104, 106
Temporary demotivation, 63–64
Thalamus, 9, 10f
definition of, 118
and emotional pathways, 73–74
and internal reward system, 66f
and novel stimulation, 13
Thematic instruction, and pattern-seeking, 96
Theta state, of sleep cycle, 24–25, 45f, 46f
Thinking skills, early development of, 22, 27f
Thirst, and brain functioning, 10, 26
Threats
and brain “rewiring,” 65
in educational environment, 30, 40
and attention, 44
and learning, 55f, 55–57
reasons for failure of, 52–53
reduction of, 59–61, 67–69
response pathways to, 56f, 73–74
Trauma, and learned helplessness, 57
Triune brain theory, 4
Ultradian rhythms, of attention, 44–45, 45f–46f
Values, as emotional states, 79
Vasopressin
definition of, 118
and internal motivation, 67, 93
Vestibular system
definition of, 118
early development of, 21–22
and learning, 83–84, 87
Video games, and reading skills, 23
Violence
and early brain development, 19, 65, 85
and serotonin levels, 55–56
and transition time in classroom, 59–60
Vision/visual cortex
and attention pathways, 42–43
development of, 22, 27f
and memory recall, 107
and school stress, 54
Water, and brain functioning, 10, 26
Wernicke’s area, 9f
definition of, 118
Whole-systems approach, and brain research, 4
Working memory, 104, 106, 109
Writing skills, development of, 34