The Color of Law A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America by Richard Rothstein (z-lib.org).epub

these trades that were comparable to whites’. Racial income inequality by
then was firmly established, and suburban segregation was mostly complete.
V
IN 1941, A. Philip Randolph, national president of the Pullman car porters’
union, organized a civil rights march on Washington to demand that
President Roosevelt ban the segregation and exclusion of African Americans
in defense industries. The president stalled for months, trying to convince
civil rights leaders to call off the march, but less than a week before it was
scheduled, he persuaded Randolph to cancel the demonstration in return for
an executive order prohibiting racial discrimination by unions and
management in government-controlled war industries. While some firms
complied, the new policy was toothless.