The Color of Law A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America by Richard Rothstein (z-lib.org).epub

FRONTISPIECE
When in his second inaugural address, delivered in January, 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt
said, “I see one-third of a nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished,” he was referring primarily to
white working- and lower-middle-class families. His administration’s public housing programs were
intended to address their needs. The photo shows the president handing keys to the Churchfield
family for their apartment in the whites-only Terrace Village project in Pittsburgh, constructed by the
United States Housing Authority and the city’s housing agency.
PREFACE
p. viii, 3 Civil Rights Cases 1883. The 1866 law stated that citizens of any
race had equal rights to purchase or rent property and that an
individual who denied such a right was guilty of a misdemeanor.
The 1866 law was reenacted in 1875; it was the 1875 version that
the Supreme Court specifically rejected.
p. xii, 1 Milliken v. Bradley 1974, 757; Bradley v. Milliken 1971, 587, 592.
p. xii, 3 Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District
No. 1, et al. 2007, 736. Internal quotation marks omitted.
p. xiii, 1 Freeman v. Pitts 1992, 495–96.
CHAPTER 1:
If San Francisco, Then Everywhere?
p. 5, 2 Record 1947, 18 (table IV), 26, 32–33; Johnson 1993, 53. Of fifty
unemployed black Richmond workers surveyed in 1947, only six
had worked as farm laborers before migrating to Richmond;
another four had worked as independent farmers. The black
migrants to Richmond were “above the average in occupational
background and education, and . . . had abilities and potentials for
which there was no outlet in the areas from which they migrated.”
A 1944 survey of black migrants throughout the Bay Area found
educational attainment of nearly nine years.
p. 5, 3 Moore 2000, 84–85; Graves 2004, unpaginated.
p. 5, 4 Johnson 1993, 128–29; Moore 2000, 84–85; Alancraig 1953, 89.
p. 6, 3 Johnson 1993, 107, 222; Record 1947, 9; Barbour 1952, 10;
Woodington 1954, 83–84. Of the 13,000 African Americans
remaining in Richmond in 1952, 80 percent still resided in