The Color of Law A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America by Richard Rothstein (z-lib.org).epub

renters and attempt to secure housing) continue to show ongoing
racial discrimination in housing.
p. 179, 1 Santow and Rothstein 2012; Rothstein 2013, 14 (table 7); Orfield
et al. 2016, 4–5 (table 1). The increased segregation results both
from the failure to desegregate neighborhoods and from the
declining share of white students in public schools. In New York
State, 66 percent of African American students attend schools
where fewer than 10 percent of students are white; in Illinois, 60
percent of African American students do so; in Mississippi, it is 45
percent; and in Alabama, 42 percent.
p. 180, 4 Data are from the Census, with additional analysis by Valerie
Wilson, an economist at the Economic Policy Institute.
p. 182, 1 Baxandall and Ewen 2000, 131, 164. Wealth from the sale of a
home consists of the sale price, less the purchase price and any
investments made in remodeling during the intervening years.
While remodeling was frequently extensive for homes bought in
the post–World War II period by returning veterans and other
lower-middle-class families, the cost of this remodeling was
sometimes modest. Many of the urban men who participated in
suburbanization during this period were skilled workers who had
craft knowledge and maintenance skills, and who remodeled their
homes themselves or with help from neighbors, with less
subcontracting costs than might have been expected.
p. 183, 3 The same is true for children whose parents have incomes
anywhere in the distribution. In a perfectly mobile society, not only
would the poorest children have the same chance as anyone else to
be rich, but the richest children would have the same chance as
anyone else to be poor. This is all a bit oversimplified, however.
Even in a fully equal opportunity society, if a large number of
lower-earning immigrants came to the country, native children born
to lower-earning parents would have a better-than-random chance
of having adult incomes higher in the income distribution. And
conversely, if a large number of higher-earning immigrants came to
the country, native children born to lower-earning parents would
have a worse chance of having adult incomes higher in the income
distribution. A second qualification is that if low-earning parents
typically have more children than higher-earning parents, then
children born to lower-earning parents would have a better chance
of having adult incomes higher in the income distribution. Because
we have recently had more lower-wage immigrants than higher-