The Color of Law A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America by Richard Rothstein (z-lib.org).epub

Detroit, 1941. The Federal Housing Administration required a developer to build a
wall separating his whites-only project from nearby African American residences.
EXCLUSIONARY ZONING ORDINANCES could be, and have been, successful in
keeping low-income African Americans, indeed all low-income families, out
of middle-class neighborhoods. But for those wanting to segregate America,
zoning solved only half the problem. Zoning that created neighborhoods of
only single-family homes could not keep out middle-class African
Americans. Herbert Hoover’s seemingly race-neutral zoning
recommendations could not prevent African Americans who could afford to
live in expensive communities from doing so.