Slavery to Liberation- The African American Experience, 2019a

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203 Discussion Questions 1. How were African Americans able to use speeches as a tool to fight for justice during the Civil Rights Movement? 2. What political organizations did African Americans develop to challenge segregation in the North and South during the Civil Right Movement? 3. What role did churches play in the way that many African Americans were able to advocate for social change? 4. How were freedom songs used by movement leaders during social protests? Writing Prompt What do the stories of Margaret Block and Flonzie Brown-Wright tell us about the ways that individuals can fight for social justice in their daily lives? How have prophetic rhetoric, politics, or practices been used in contemporary movements to advocate for social change (Black Lives Matter, #Metoo, etc.)?
204 Chapter 10 “The Whole Matter Revolves around the Self-Respect of My People”: Black Conservative Women in the Civil Rights Era Joshua D. Farrington Eastern Kentucky University INTRODUCTION In response to Brown v. Board of Education, the foundational case reflecting decades of hard work by civil rights activists to desegregate public education, famed Black novelist Zora Neale Hurston remarked, “I regard the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court as insulting.” 1 To her, “the whole matter revolves around the self-respect of my people…I see no tragedy in being too dark to be invited to a White social affair.” 2 Black schools, run and operated by Black communities, were Hurston’s ideal, and the idea of holding integrated White schools as the standard bearer ran against her deep-seated racial pride. Though Hurston joined many White conservatives in opposing Brown, her reasons were altogether different, as was her distinctly Black brand of conservatism. Indeed, it was Black conservatives of the 1950s, not the decade’s mainstream integrationist civil rights leadership, who in many ways were closer to the more militant Black Nationalists of the 1960s in their joint emphasis on Black self-determination and a racial pride that rejected integration as a cure-all. By focusing on conservative Black women during the civil rights era, this chapter highlights the myriad of political ideologies that have always existed within Black communities. This diversity of political expression, however, has not always been fully delineated by scholars. Almost all of the leading scholarship of the conservative 1 Zora Neale Hurston, “Court Order Can’t Make Races Mix,” Orlando Sentinel, August 11, 1955. 2 Ibid.
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The African American Experience Edi
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This work is licensed under a Creat
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ii Chapter 9.......................
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iv teaching African American course
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1 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Afr
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3 subordinate and Whites as superor
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5 them. This lack of labor force pa
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7 intact.” 6 Indeed, from the tra
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9 Chapter 2 CONCEPTS OF BEAUTY: BLA
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11 Some other important characteris
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13 Figure 3. Leonardo Da Vinci, The
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15 Noah’s statement that Canaan w
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17 to the popular consciousness of
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19 equally affected by this extensi
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21 been the dissemination of images
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23 Figure 5. Frē Seyon, Diptych wi
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25 standards of beauty and positive
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27 Chapter 3 Gumboot Dancing and St
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29 style drew from the traditional
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31 style. And it is no longer restr
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33 and dance in the curriculum. Gum
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35 setjhaba sa heso, Setjhaba sa So
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37 European domination.” 9 The Al
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39 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN GUMBOOT DAN
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41 communities…dance is often bas
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43 original words that created a un
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45 aesthetic values of their releva
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47 Objective and Activity 4: Studen
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49 Gumboot miners of the darkened h
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51 Dance (1996). 32 Stepping has be
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53 Chapter 4 “The Strong Cords of
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55 primarily signify present-day so
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57 attributable to several factors:
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59 who escaped from Kentucky with h
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61 Canada. One of the most well-kno
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63 escaping alone. But most mothers
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65 River. Unable to find the freedo
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67 freedom for themselves instead o
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69 600 coloured [sic] people, among
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71 Some wrote to their former ensla
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73 sources. What other materials co
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75 Black sexuality has received a f
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77 her ‘perform’—she was held
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79 descent in North America, and pa
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81 willingly mixed their blood with
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83 White women as well. One form of
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85 The end of slavery ushered in an
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87 However, despite her obedience,
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89 how untreated syphilis affected
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91 A third example involved a fourt
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93 people have presented Black sexu
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95 about the campaign against Birth
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97 Issues of Black sexuality have s
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99 Discussion Questions 1. How did
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new people. They spoke English, wor
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Carolina, newspaper The Hive. After
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Peake (1823-1862) a mixed-race, wel
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American Missionary Association est
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Washington’s far-reaching influen
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lawyers. In this instance, there wa
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institutions. The Jeanes Rural Scho
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THE NAACP AND THE SUPREME COURT Th
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Arkansas, nine Black children chose
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119 CHAPTER 7 “It is Our Freedom
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121 moved to Indian Territory so th
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123 documented several instances of
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125 Blacks among Native American po
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127 Black heritage which became a t
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129 same means. 32 The eventual wit
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131 occupation as the best solution
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133 African American farmers. Overa
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135 popularizing the notion of Kans
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137 joined to form settlements in t
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139 perseverance and Christian mora
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141 Louisiana. 81 The town made nat
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143 lived there by 1907—the same
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145 racial landscape reflected what
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147 the riot were still visible in
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149 settlers to earlier settlers of
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151 her 1937 interview fails to men
Page 162 and 163: 153 Writing Prompt Freedom and Iden
Page 164 and 165: 155 Civil War, an in-depth examinat
Page 166 and 167: 157 for his actions in heroically c
Page 168 and 169: 159 racial division of American soc
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Page 172 and 173: 163 As the military mobilized in th
Page 174 and 175: 165 in a letter why he should sacri
Page 176 and 177: 167 Momentum built quickly in the y
Page 178 and 179: 169 Influenced heavily by the Sovie
Page 180 and 181: 171 As the Ranger Training program
Page 182 and 183: 173 Chinese soldiers had given thei
Page 184 and 185: 175 of the first ten months of comb
Page 186 and 187: 177 CHAPTER 9 Prophecy in the Stree
Page 188 and 189: 179 Slave owners allowed slaves to
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Page 192 and 193: 183 and benefits for each way to ac
Page 194 and 195: 185 early example of politics of th
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Page 198 and 199: 189 commitment meant the willingnes
Page 200 and 201: 191 not enough to create the social
Page 202 and 203: 193 Black churches also played a pi
Page 204 and 205: 195 community. After graduating fro
Page 206 and 207: 197 role. However, to be clear, it
Page 208 and 209: 199 to life, liberty, and the pursu
Page 210 and 211: 201 There are people who are hurtin
Page 214 and 215: 205 movement that arose in the 1960
Page 216 and 217: 207 supporting integrated public sc
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Page 220 and 221: 211 reliance, and her numerous book
Page 222 and 223: 213 communist philosophy. 28 And wh
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Page 226 and 227: 217 RNC pamphlet highlighting the p
Page 228 and 229: 219 independence.” This rhetoric
Page 230 and 231: 221 direct funding to women and enc
Page 232 and 233: 223 entrepreneurship, King emphasiz
Page 234 and 235: 225 are part owners of that superma
Page 236 and 237: 227 contribute to their betterment
Page 238 and 239: 229 “helping Black business peopl
Page 240 and 241: 231 mainstream Black politics and o
Page 242 and 243: 233 United States or Soviet Union:
Page 244 and 245: 235 their palpable animosity—and
Page 246 and 247: 237 ascension buttressed that belie
Page 248 and 249: 239 majority in Parliament, nationa
Page 250 and 251: 241 most developed nations in Latin
Page 252 and 253: 243 Soviet Union. McClintock was ob
Page 254 and 255: 245 They exploited the disorganized
Page 256 and 257: 247 tag that struck colonial chords
Page 258 and 259: 249 Foreman and Ali each had five m
Page 260 and 261: 251 Frazier expressed little to no
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253 resurrect the Era of Fantastic
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255 Chapter 12 Critical Issues in A
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257 Poor health continued into adul
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259 other enslaved members, passed
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261 from an American medical school
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263 Black Health and Healthcare Aft
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265 Facing discrimination from Whit
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267 The Black medical profession ma
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269 weekly event turned into year-r
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271 pseudo-scientific research that
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273 until 1968); marched in the 196
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275 U.S. Public Health Service in 1
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277 physicians? 3. How have African
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279 BrotherBenX; TariqRadio; Prince
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281 and economic norms to create a
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283 in the United States to new hei
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285 YOUTUBE’S ROLE IN THE ONLINE
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287 as practicing Christianity; wor
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289 campaign penetrates into and gu
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291 slavery and pre-colonial religi
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293 gain racial pride and unite to
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295 involves interpreting the world
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297 Mis-Education of the Negro. 38
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299 Afrofuturism to decipher and pr
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301 and online moniker that may ref
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303 Black revolutionary Hip-Hop gro
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305 find themselves entangled in in
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307 Writing Prompt Which people, ev
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309 with an electoral advantage, th
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311 reelection 3 : advertising, cre
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313 elections, yet these studies ha
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315 Gary Jacobson suggests, "From t
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317 assuming that it made them more
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319 Congress has passed, but they w
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321 Representatives members to seve
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323 The incumbency factor scares of
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325 THE INTERSECTION OF DESCRIPTIVE
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327 leadership impacts what legisla
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329 their needs." 60 Many African A
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331 political party. The role of pa
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333 Furthermore, scholars must look
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335 equity, inclusion, and diversit
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337 Emmitt Y. Riley III is Assistan
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Slavery to Liberation- The African American Experience, 2019a

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