Slavery to Liberation- The African American Experience, 2019a

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291 slavery and pre-colonial religions and spiritual systems to free themselves from racial oppression. BLACK NATIONALISM Historical and philosophical Black Nationalism also drives the online rebels’ crusade. Black Nationalism is the idea that Black people should create their own distinct educational, religious, economic, cultural, political, social, and even defense institutions. Black Nationalism is a concept that African Americans have adopted since their enslavement. Martin Delany, an African American doctor, soldier, and abolitionist, is often considered the father of Black Nationalism. In 1850, after Delany and two fellow African Americans were dismissed from Harvard Medical School because of their race, Delany concluded that Black people needed to create their own establishments to survive in America. As slavery and racism continued to torment African Americans in the United States, Delany’s promotion of Black Nationalism intensified. In 1852, he published The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States. In the book, he expressed his disillusionment with African Americans’ ability to ever overcome racial repression in the United States. Instead, he insisted that Blacks in America should emigrate to Africa, the Caribbean, or Latin America and create their own new nation. Though Delany failed to realize his goal of a mass exodus of African Americans nationalizing in another geographic region, his Black Nationalist calls guided the philosophies of many successive African American organizations and leaders. 27 The Nation of Islam, Black Panthers, New Black Panther Party, and the modern-day social media Black Conscious Community are parts of Delany’s legacy. A major tenet of Black Nationalism is non-conformism, non-assimilation, and nonintegration into mainstream or White-dominated society. Black Nationalists believe that 27 Robert S. Levine, ed., Martin R. Delany: A Documentary Reader (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003).
292 Blacks should found, support, and participate in their own establishments. 28 The political philosophy is therefore considered revolutionary, radical, or extreme because Black Nationalism involves Black people consciously or purposely creating new institutions and ideas that counter those found in everyday society. The YouTube rebels have managed to inspire and create Black Nationalistic endeavors by-way of the internet. In their calls for Black-owned and controlled enterprises, they utilize online crowd funding campaigns to finance their Blackconscious activities that include backing African centered K-12 schools, creating African inspired holistic health centers, and aiding their ability to spend time online spreading their Black Nationalist messages. They often use their social media platforms to promote their personal business endeavors and products. Vending is also a major Black Nationalist activity that the online rebels conduct in-person. Many of their merchandise are available for online purchases; however, at Black-conscious events, numerous online resisters sell their products at vending tables. Websites like WeBuyBlack.com and online movements such as OneUnited Bank Black Money Matters and the Tulsa Real Estate Fund are also examples of new age, online Black Nationalism. 29 Although the YouTube radicals face challenges in creating their fully independent Black Nation, they still manage to find creative ways explain their Black Nationalists positions to their audience while encouraging them to support their online and in-person ventures, especially their independent Black media undertakings. PAN-AFRICANISM Pan-Africanism is another political and philosophical standpoint of the online activists. Pan-Africanism is a concept that Black or African people from all over the globe should 28 Dean E. Robinson, Black Nationalism in American Politics and Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001). 29 blackmagic363, “Red and Blue Pill speak at BAM Festival with Black Businesses.” YouTube, 1:04:29, May 26, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muYdBmnTT4A&t=1485s.
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The African American Experience Edi
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This work is licensed under a Creat
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ii Chapter 9.......................
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iv teaching African American course
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1 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Afr
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3 subordinate and Whites as superor
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5 them. This lack of labor force pa
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7 intact.” 6 Indeed, from the tra
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9 Chapter 2 CONCEPTS OF BEAUTY: BLA
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11 Some other important characteris
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13 Figure 3. Leonardo Da Vinci, The
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15 Noah’s statement that Canaan w
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17 to the popular consciousness of
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19 equally affected by this extensi
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21 been the dissemination of images
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23 Figure 5. Frē Seyon, Diptych wi
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25 standards of beauty and positive
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27 Chapter 3 Gumboot Dancing and St
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29 style drew from the traditional
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31 style. And it is no longer restr
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33 and dance in the curriculum. Gum
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35 setjhaba sa heso, Setjhaba sa So
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37 European domination.” 9 The Al
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39 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN GUMBOOT DAN
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41 communities…dance is often bas
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43 original words that created a un
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45 aesthetic values of their releva
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47 Objective and Activity 4: Studen
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49 Gumboot miners of the darkened h
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51 Dance (1996). 32 Stepping has be
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53 Chapter 4 “The Strong Cords of
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55 primarily signify present-day so
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57 attributable to several factors:
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59 who escaped from Kentucky with h
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61 Canada. One of the most well-kno
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63 escaping alone. But most mothers
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65 River. Unable to find the freedo
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67 freedom for themselves instead o
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69 600 coloured [sic] people, among
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71 Some wrote to their former ensla
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73 sources. What other materials co
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75 Black sexuality has received a f
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77 her ‘perform’—she was held
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79 descent in North America, and pa
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81 willingly mixed their blood with
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83 White women as well. One form of
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85 The end of slavery ushered in an
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87 However, despite her obedience,
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89 how untreated syphilis affected
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91 A third example involved a fourt
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93 people have presented Black sexu
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95 about the campaign against Birth
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97 Issues of Black sexuality have s
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99 Discussion Questions 1. How did
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new people. They spoke English, wor
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Carolina, newspaper The Hive. After
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Peake (1823-1862) a mixed-race, wel
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American Missionary Association est
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Washington’s far-reaching influen
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lawyers. In this instance, there wa
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institutions. The Jeanes Rural Scho
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THE NAACP AND THE SUPREME COURT Th
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Arkansas, nine Black children chose
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119 CHAPTER 7 “It is Our Freedom
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121 moved to Indian Territory so th
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123 documented several instances of
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125 Blacks among Native American po
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127 Black heritage which became a t
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129 same means. 32 The eventual wit
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131 occupation as the best solution
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133 African American farmers. Overa
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135 popularizing the notion of Kans
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137 joined to form settlements in t
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139 perseverance and Christian mora
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141 Louisiana. 81 The town made nat
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143 lived there by 1907—the same
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145 racial landscape reflected what
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147 the riot were still visible in
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149 settlers to earlier settlers of
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151 her 1937 interview fails to men
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153 Writing Prompt Freedom and Iden
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155 Civil War, an in-depth examinat
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157 for his actions in heroically c
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159 racial division of American soc
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161 U.S., Fagen reached such a high
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163 As the military mobilized in th
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165 in a letter why he should sacri
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167 Momentum built quickly in the y
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169 Influenced heavily by the Sovie
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171 As the Ranger Training program
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173 Chinese soldiers had given thei
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175 of the first ten months of comb
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177 CHAPTER 9 Prophecy in the Stree
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179 Slave owners allowed slaves to
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181 African slave preachers such as
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183 and benefits for each way to ac
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185 early example of politics of th
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187 they address.” 26 Thus, leade
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189 commitment meant the willingnes
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191 not enough to create the social
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193 Black churches also played a pi
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195 community. After graduating fro
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197 role. However, to be clear, it
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199 to life, liberty, and the pursu
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201 There are people who are hurtin
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203 Discussion Questions 1. How wer
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205 movement that arose in the 1960
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207 supporting integrated public sc
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209 didn’t want to protest to mak
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211 reliance, and her numerous book
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213 communist philosophy. 28 And wh
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215 she argued that its roots were
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217 RNC pamphlet highlighting the p
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219 independence.” This rhetoric
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221 direct funding to women and enc
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223 entrepreneurship, King emphasiz
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225 are part owners of that superma
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227 contribute to their betterment
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229 “helping Black business peopl
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231 mainstream Black politics and o
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233 United States or Soviet Union:
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235 their palpable animosity—and
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237 ascension buttressed that belie
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239 majority in Parliament, nationa
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Page 252 and 253: 243 Soviet Union. McClintock was ob
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Page 256 and 257: 247 tag that struck colonial chords
Page 258 and 259: 249 Foreman and Ali each had five m
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Page 264 and 265: 255 Chapter 12 Critical Issues in A
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Page 268 and 269: 259 other enslaved members, passed
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Page 272 and 273: 263 Black Health and Healthcare Aft
Page 274 and 275: 265 Facing discrimination from Whit
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Page 282 and 283: 273 until 1968); marched in the 196
Page 284 and 285: 275 U.S. Public Health Service in 1
Page 286 and 287: 277 physicians? 3. How have African
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Page 290 and 291: 281 and economic norms to create a
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Page 294 and 295: 285 YOUTUBE’S ROLE IN THE ONLINE
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Page 304 and 305: 295 involves interpreting the world
Page 306 and 307: 297 Mis-Education of the Negro. 38
Page 308 and 309: 299 Afrofuturism to decipher and pr
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Page 316 and 317: 307 Writing Prompt Which people, ev
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Page 322 and 323: 313 elections, yet these studies ha
Page 324 and 325: 315 Gary Jacobson suggests, "From t
Page 326 and 327: 317 assuming that it made them more
Page 328 and 329: 319 Congress has passed, but they w
Page 330 and 331: 321 Representatives members to seve
Page 332 and 333: 323 The incumbency factor scares of
Page 334 and 335: 325 THE INTERSECTION OF DESCRIPTIVE
Page 336 and 337: 327 leadership impacts what legisla
Page 338 and 339: 329 their needs." 60 Many African A
Page 340 and 341: 331 political party. The role of pa
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Page 344 and 345: 335 equity, inclusion, and diversit
Page 346 and 347: 337 Emmitt Y. Riley III is Assistan
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