Slavery to Liberation- The African American Experience, 2019a

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253 resurrect the Era of Fantastic Millions in a kind of red-light resort called “Sun City.” Though he secured an interracial heavyweight championship fight between native South African challenger Gerrie Coetzee and African American champion Mike Weaver in 1980, it did not engender an encore. Moreover, Black athletes in the U.S. were able to deter other African American boxers from legitimizing South African Apartheid by agreeing to perform in Sun City. 40 Instead, America’s “Sin City” became the new “Mecca” of prize fighting when hotel-casinos on the Las Vegas Strip recognized that hosting an event like a heavyweight title bout stimulated significant action not just on their sports books but at their tables and on the slot machines as well. In the 1970s, foreign governments relied on tourist dollars and ticket sales to cover the expense of hosting a big-time title bout and paying the multi-million dollar purses to fighters. In 1980s Las Vegas, increased gambling and hotel reservations ensured profits regardless of ticket sales. Likewise, the proliferation of pay-per-view television to individual homes rather than closed-circuit feeds at public places dramatically raised the television revenues against which purses were typically guaranteed, making ticket sales nearly irrelevant to fighters and promoters in boxing’s biggest events. Yet the legacy of the brief window between 1973 and 1975, where the most expensive and lucrative prize fights to date occurred in transoceanic title bouts around the Global South, was firmly entrenched even after the boxing world’s axis tilted toward Sin City. Michael Manley served two terms in Jamaica before losing an election in 1980, but rode his popularity to reelection in 1989. Similarly, Carlos Pérez lost the presidency of Venezuela in 1979 but was also reelected a decade later. Ferdinand Marcos maintained martial law until 1981 and stayed in power through 1986. In Zaire, Mobutu kept his hold over the country until 1996. The deep fault lines within an African American community in the midst of a Black freedom struggle were troubling at home, but set inside of a prize ring those divisions became 40 Jack Newfield, Only in America: The Life and Crimes of Don King (New York: William Morrow, 1995), 196-197. On the history of boxing in Las Vegas, see Richard O. Davies, The Main Event: Boxing in Nevada from the Mining Camps to the Las Vegas Strip (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2014).
254 valuable commodities toward cultural diplomacy for “third world” nations fighting for their place in a Cold War world. Discussion Questions 1. How did American race relations affect Cold War geopolitics? 2. Which factors most deeply divided African Americans in the Black Freedom Struggle? 3. How can historians measure the impact of sports or pop culture on diplomacy? Writing Prompt Why were foreign governments interested in hosting sports events featuring American athletes?
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The African American Experience Edi
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This work is licensed under a Creat
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ii Chapter 9.......................
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iv teaching African American course
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1 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Afr
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3 subordinate and Whites as superor
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5 them. This lack of labor force pa
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7 intact.” 6 Indeed, from the tra
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9 Chapter 2 CONCEPTS OF BEAUTY: BLA
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11 Some other important characteris
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13 Figure 3. Leonardo Da Vinci, The
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15 Noah’s statement that Canaan w
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17 to the popular consciousness of
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19 equally affected by this extensi
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21 been the dissemination of images
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23 Figure 5. Frē Seyon, Diptych wi
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25 standards of beauty and positive
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27 Chapter 3 Gumboot Dancing and St
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29 style drew from the traditional
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31 style. And it is no longer restr
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33 and dance in the curriculum. Gum
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35 setjhaba sa heso, Setjhaba sa So
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37 European domination.” 9 The Al
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39 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN GUMBOOT DAN
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41 communities…dance is often bas
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43 original words that created a un
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45 aesthetic values of their releva
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47 Objective and Activity 4: Studen
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49 Gumboot miners of the darkened h
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51 Dance (1996). 32 Stepping has be
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53 Chapter 4 “The Strong Cords of
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55 primarily signify present-day so
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57 attributable to several factors:
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59 who escaped from Kentucky with h
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61 Canada. One of the most well-kno
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63 escaping alone. But most mothers
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65 River. Unable to find the freedo
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67 freedom for themselves instead o
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69 600 coloured [sic] people, among
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71 Some wrote to their former ensla
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73 sources. What other materials co
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75 Black sexuality has received a f
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77 her ‘perform’—she was held
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79 descent in North America, and pa
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81 willingly mixed their blood with
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83 White women as well. One form of
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85 The end of slavery ushered in an
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87 However, despite her obedience,
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89 how untreated syphilis affected
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91 A third example involved a fourt
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93 people have presented Black sexu
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95 about the campaign against Birth
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97 Issues of Black sexuality have s
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99 Discussion Questions 1. How did
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new people. They spoke English, wor
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Carolina, newspaper The Hive. After
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Peake (1823-1862) a mixed-race, wel
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American Missionary Association est
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Washington’s far-reaching influen
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lawyers. In this instance, there wa
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institutions. The Jeanes Rural Scho
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THE NAACP AND THE SUPREME COURT Th
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Arkansas, nine Black children chose
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119 CHAPTER 7 “It is Our Freedom
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121 moved to Indian Territory so th
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123 documented several instances of
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125 Blacks among Native American po
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127 Black heritage which became a t
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129 same means. 32 The eventual wit
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131 occupation as the best solution
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133 African American farmers. Overa
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135 popularizing the notion of Kans
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137 joined to form settlements in t
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139 perseverance and Christian mora
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141 Louisiana. 81 The town made nat
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143 lived there by 1907—the same
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145 racial landscape reflected what
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147 the riot were still visible in
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149 settlers to earlier settlers of
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151 her 1937 interview fails to men
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153 Writing Prompt Freedom and Iden
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155 Civil War, an in-depth examinat
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157 for his actions in heroically c
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159 racial division of American soc
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161 U.S., Fagen reached such a high
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163 As the military mobilized in th
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165 in a letter why he should sacri
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167 Momentum built quickly in the y
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169 Influenced heavily by the Sovie
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171 As the Ranger Training program
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173 Chinese soldiers had given thei
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175 of the first ten months of comb
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177 CHAPTER 9 Prophecy in the Stree
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179 Slave owners allowed slaves to
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181 African slave preachers such as
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183 and benefits for each way to ac
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185 early example of politics of th
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187 they address.” 26 Thus, leade
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189 commitment meant the willingnes
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191 not enough to create the social
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193 Black churches also played a pi
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195 community. After graduating fro
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197 role. However, to be clear, it
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199 to life, liberty, and the pursu
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201 There are people who are hurtin
Page 212 and 213: 203 Discussion Questions 1. How wer
Page 214 and 215: 205 movement that arose in the 1960
Page 216 and 217: 207 supporting integrated public sc
Page 218 and 219: 209 didn’t want to protest to mak
Page 220 and 221: 211 reliance, and her numerous book
Page 222 and 223: 213 communist philosophy. 28 And wh
Page 224 and 225: 215 she argued that its roots were
Page 226 and 227: 217 RNC pamphlet highlighting the p
Page 228 and 229: 219 independence.” This rhetoric
Page 230 and 231: 221 direct funding to women and enc
Page 232 and 233: 223 entrepreneurship, King emphasiz
Page 234 and 235: 225 are part owners of that superma
Page 236 and 237: 227 contribute to their betterment
Page 238 and 239: 229 “helping Black business peopl
Page 240 and 241: 231 mainstream Black politics and o
Page 242 and 243: 233 United States or Soviet Union:
Page 244 and 245: 235 their palpable animosity—and
Page 246 and 247: 237 ascension buttressed that belie
Page 248 and 249: 239 majority in Parliament, nationa
Page 250 and 251: 241 most developed nations in Latin
Page 252 and 253: 243 Soviet Union. McClintock was ob
Page 254 and 255: 245 They exploited the disorganized
Page 256 and 257: 247 tag that struck colonial chords
Page 258 and 259: 249 Foreman and Ali each had five m
Page 260 and 261: 251 Frazier expressed little to no
Page 264 and 265: 255 Chapter 12 Critical Issues in A
Page 266 and 267: 257 Poor health continued into adul
Page 268 and 269: 259 other enslaved members, passed
Page 270 and 271: 261 from an American medical school
Page 272 and 273: 263 Black Health and Healthcare Aft
Page 274 and 275: 265 Facing discrimination from Whit
Page 276 and 277: 267 The Black medical profession ma
Page 278 and 279: 269 weekly event turned into year-r
Page 280 and 281: 271 pseudo-scientific research that
Page 282 and 283: 273 until 1968); marched in the 196
Page 284 and 285: 275 U.S. Public Health Service in 1
Page 286 and 287: 277 physicians? 3. How have African
Page 288 and 289: 279 BrotherBenX; TariqRadio; Prince
Page 290 and 291: 281 and economic norms to create a
Page 292 and 293: 283 in the United States to new hei
Page 294 and 295: 285 YOUTUBE’S ROLE IN THE ONLINE
Page 296 and 297: 287 as practicing Christianity; wor
Page 298 and 299: 289 campaign penetrates into and gu
Page 300 and 301: 291 slavery and pre-colonial religi
Page 302 and 303: 293 gain racial pride and unite to
Page 304 and 305: 295 involves interpreting the world
Page 306 and 307: 297 Mis-Education of the Negro. 38
Page 308 and 309: 299 Afrofuturism to decipher and pr
Page 310 and 311: 301 and online moniker that may ref
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303 Black revolutionary Hip-Hop gro
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305 find themselves entangled in in
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307 Writing Prompt Which people, ev
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309 with an electoral advantage, th
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311 reelection 3 : advertising, cre
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313 elections, yet these studies ha
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315 Gary Jacobson suggests, "From t
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317 assuming that it made them more
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319 Congress has passed, but they w
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321 Representatives members to seve
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323 The incumbency factor scares of
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325 THE INTERSECTION OF DESCRIPTIVE
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327 leadership impacts what legisla
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329 their needs." 60 Many African A
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331 political party. The role of pa
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333 Furthermore, scholars must look
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335 equity, inclusion, and diversit
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337 Emmitt Y. Riley III is Assistan
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