VGB POWERTECH 7 (2021) - International Journal for Generation and Storage of Electricity and Heat

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News from Science & Research VGB PowerTech 7 l 2021 Technical information about the delivery Valmet’s total scope of delivery includes a Valmet DNA Automation System, safety-related systems, Valmet DNA Machine Monitoring, training simulator, information management calculation applications for both emissions monitoring and reporting as well as monitoring the key performance indicators (KPI) of the boiler and the entire plant. The automation system will be equipped with a Valmet DNA User Interface (DNA UI) that adapts the shown information based on the needs of various users and user groups. Relevant information is delivered in visual, well-structured, easy-to-understand dashboards, process and sub-process views, allowing the users of the automation system to control the process better. Built with the latest web technologies, DNA UI comes with a secure web-based access that enables the plant teams to access relevant information whenever they need it, regardless of their location. The new boiler plant 3 will replace the existing boiler plant 2 and re-use some of its process parts, which all are already based on Valmet DNA. About the customer Tampereen Sähkölaitos Oy is a modern energy group that produces renewable energy and actively develops future energy solutions in Finland. Through its systematic development work, the company lowers CO 2 emissions from its energy production and creates jobs for the surrounding area. In 2020, the group’s net sales amounted to EUR 265.1 million, and it employed nearly 400 professionals. LL www.valmet.com (212281122) l Products and Services Rolls-Royce builds new fuel cell demonstrator to ensure electricity supplies • Alternative fuels and fuel cells for carbon-neutral mtu solutions • 250 kW demonstrator from Rolls-Royce testing standby, prime and UPS power supply functionality (r-r) Another new technology – the hydrogen fuel cell – is currently making in-roads at the Friedrichshafen plant of Rolls-Royce‘s Power Systems division where a 250 kW demonstrator is in the process of being set up to test future zero-carbon energy systems and present these to customers. „We firmly believe that fuel cell technology is set to make a huge contribution to a successful energy turnaround. That‘s why Rolls-Royce sees it as its mission to assume a pioneering role in fuel cell applications,“ said Andreas Schell, CEO of Rolls-Royce Power Systems. „Fuel cells shall form an elementary part of our product portfolio for sustainable solutions.“ Why fuel cells? Fuel cells have very high efficiency levels when generating electricity from hydrogen and oxygen. When run on pure hydrogen, they give off zero emissions – only water vapor – as well as being low-noise, low-maintenance, and vibration-free. “The greatest benefit is when they are run on regeneratively produced hydrogen because this enables polluting and climate-damaging gas emissions to be fully eliminated. This gives fuel cells a huge potential to become a major technology for decarbonizing propulsion and electrical power supply systems,” added Dr. Peter Riegger, Vice President Rolls-Royce PowerLab. Much has already happened at Rolls- Royce Power Systems‘ Friedrichshafen Plant 1 in recent months, with the complex hydrogen infrastructure – which requires a lot of investment – now installed and the container all set up complete with its four low-temperature PEM fuel cell modules. Indeed, this took quite a lot of work by engineers across a variety of sites. Designed at the company‘s plants in Ruhstorf (Bavaria) and Friedrichshafen, safety reasons dictate the container has two separate compartments for fuel cells and batteries, plus a host of power electronics. The control system has now been fully refined, cooling and air conditioning are on the roof, and a rack system enables simple maintenance, allowing individual system modules to be replaced as required. The energy systems using fuel cell modules from the automotive sector have been put through their paces on the test stand, and Rolls-Royce engineers are more than happy with the results: “Power flexing characteristics and performance are excellent, and as expected there are no vibrations or no loud noises”, explained Dr. Peter Riegger. The next step is to connect all four demo modules together in the container and hook up the batteries and power circuit. Commissioning is slated for the second half of 2021. The demonstrator will be used for test purposes, and to show interested parties which applications the system is suitable for. These include standby power, prime power, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and black start capability, allowing the system to be started from scratch without a mains connection. The system consists of fuel cell modules, batteries, fire protection, air conditioning and safety systems, cooling, gas supply and automation. LL www.rolls-royce.com (212281123) LL News from Science & Research E.ON und RWTH verlängern Kooperationsvertrag • Erfolgreiche Arbeit des E.ON Energy Research Centers wird weiter gefördert (eon) E.ON wird die erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit mit der RWTH Aachen fortführen und hat den bestehenden Kooperationsvertrag um weitere fünf Jahre verlängert. Eine entsprechende Vereinbarung unterzeichneten am 23. Juni E.ON-Vorstandsmitglied Dr. Karsten Wildberger und der Rektor der RWTH Aachen, Professor Ulrich Rüdiger. Mit dem neuen Kooperationsvertrag werden wir insbesondere Forschungsprojekte in den Bereichen Energie- und Nachhaltigkeitsforschung, Energiesystemanalyse und -optimierung, Smart Grids, Energiespeicherung, Energieeffizienz, Elektrifizierung und Digitalisierung fördern. Dabei konzentrieren wir uns auf das E.ON Energy Research Center der RWTH Aachen (E.ON ERC), aber auch weitere Institute der Aachener Hochschule können und sollen eingebunden werden, erklärte Dr. Wildberger anlässlich der Vertragsunterzeichnung. Das E.ON ERC ist aus einer öffentlich-privaten Partnerschaft zwischen E.ON und der RWTH Aachen entstanden und setzt seit seiner Gründung im Jahr 2006 Maßstäbe in der interdisziplinären und vernetzten Energieforschung. E.ON wird in den kommenden fünf Jahren gemeinsame Forschungsprojekte mit einer Gesamtsumme von zehn Millionen Euro finanzieren. Hinzu kommen jährlich bis zu einer halben Million Euro zur Finanzierung von gemeinnützigen Projekten. In vielen Fällen werden auch die Ergebnisse der E.ON-Forschungsprojekte der Allgemeinheit zur Verfügung gestellt. Auch RWTH-Rektor Professor Rüdiger zeigte sich sehr zufrieden mit der bisherigen Zusammenarbeit und freut sich auf fünf weitere erfolgreiche Jahre. Gemeinsam mit E.ON ist die RWTH seit 15 Jahren erfolgreich dabei, einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Energiewende zu leisten. Die Zusammenarbeit zeigt, welchen Impact wir als Hochschule im Netzwerk mit unseren Partnerinnen und Partnern leisten können. Mit E.ON verbindet uns eine starke Kooperation, die wir nun für die weitere erfolgreiche Gestaltung der Energiewende einsetzen werden. LL www.eon.com (212251514) 30
VGB PowerTech 7 l 2021 News fromScience & Research The Indus basin: untapped potential for long-term energy storage (iiasa) Hydropower has massive potential as a source of clean electricity, and the Indus basin can be a key player in fulfilling long-term energy storage demands across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. IIASA researchers explored the role the Indus basin could play to support global sustainable development. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the growth of hydropower plants worldwide is set to slow down this decade. This puts at risk the ambitions of countries across the globe aiming to reach net-zero emissions while ensuring reliable and affordable energy supplies for their citizens. Even so, there are thousands of dams planned to be built this next decade. New hydropower dams installed worldwide are forecasted to increase global hydroelectricity capacity from the current 1,200 gigawatt (GW) to around 1,700 GW. Many of these dams are being built in countries with emerging economies, such as those in the Balkan region, Ethiopia, and Pakistan. Hydropower is very important in reaching net zero goals, not only because of its ability to produce clean energy, but also because of its capabilities in terms of energy storage. The Indus basin, which stretches across parts of Afghanistan, China, India, and Pakistan, is one area with huge hydropower potential due to its high altitudes and large water availability. According to Pakistan’s State of Industry Report, 100 % of Pakistan’s hydropower already comes from the Indus basin, and much of the region’s potential has yet to be tapped into. Additionally, an investigation into medium sized hydropower projects in Pakistan revealed that the Indus basin is the region with the largest and cheapest seasonal energy storage potential. IIASA researchers explored the future of hydropower in the Indus region in a new paper published in the Journal of Energy Storage. They focused much of their research on the costs and benefits of hydropower, water storage, and long-term and short-term energy storage in the Indus Basin. They considered the potential and costs of conventional hydropower dams, as well as seasonal pumped hydropower storage. Unlike conventional dams, which are built in the cross sections of main rivers, seasonal pumped hydropower storage plants act as artificial reservoirs off the main river usually at higher altitudes with a built in power or pumping station that generates hydroelectric power or fills up the reservoir. According to the researchers, many of the challenges faced in the Indus region regarding hydropower are due to larger water management issues. These issues stem from high population growth seen in the area coinciding with rapid urbanization, industrialization, environmental degradation, lack of water storage infrastructure, and outdated irrigation systems. The seasonality of the Indus region is something else the team had to consider. The Indus River deals with droughts in the winter and monsoon season, and melting snow and ice masses from the mountains in the summer. This considerably increases the flow of the river with many regular flooding events also occurring. Land changes from climate change and reduced groundwater levels further exacerbate flooding events and water scarcity. To gather their data, the researchers used different models estimating power potentials as well as their corresponding costs. They incorporated five essential components: the physical features of the area, the river network and water flow data, infrastructure cost estimation, and project design optimization. The researchers’ models and analysis concluded that the Indus region has the potential to play a similar role in energy storage for Asia as the Alps does in Europe. “We found that the levelized energy storage cost in the Indus region is US $1 per megawatt hour (MWh) for conventional hydropower and $2/MWh for seasonal pumped storage, which is the lowest cost long-term energy storage alternative in the world. Even cheaper than natural gas reinjection in empty gas reservoirs, these low costs can justify the use of seasonal pumped hydropower storage to store energy in a yearly, two-year, or three-year energy cycle. The levelized costs of energy storage with batteries is around $100/MWh. This makes hydropower energy storage 100 times cheaper and seasonal pumped hydropower storage 50 times cheaper. For this reason, these are good solutions for long-term energy storage,” explains study lead-author Julian Hunt. As more countries industrialize and develop their economies, growing energy demands are sure to follow. Having long-term energy storage using low emission methods like hydropower is important, especially during the era of climate change. The Indus basin can serve as a global supply. “During the summer when there is high availability of water in the Indus basin, for example, excess solar power in northern hemisphere countries can be used to pump water in seasonal pumped hydropower storage plants in the basin, so that hydropower can be generated during the winter. With an integrated hydrogen and battery economy in the future, the region could serve as the world’s long-term energy storage hub,” Hunt concludes. LL www.iiasa.ac.at (212281125) Intelligente Stromzukunft im Echtzeit-Test: Fraunhofer ISE eröffnet Digital Grid Lab (fr) Europas Stromnetze durchlaufen im Zuge der Energiewende eine tiefgreifende Transformation: von Großkraftwerken hin zu verteilten, intelligent vernetzten, digital gesteuerten, emissionsarmen und vielfältigen Einheiten. Millionen kleine Einspeiseanlagen und Speicher, neue Verbraucher und Akteure treten auf den Plan, die auf den unteren Netzebenen gemanagt werden müssen. Die gewohnt hohe Versorgungsqualität ist zukünftig nur mit der Digitalisierung der Netze und intelligenten Betriebsführungskonzepten erreichbar. Das Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE hat nun sein neues Digital Grid Lab in Betrieb genommen, in dem die dafür notwendigen Komponenten, Netzregelungskonzepte und Betriebsführungsstrategien erprobt werden. „Die Integration sowohl zentraler als auch fluktuierender dezentraler Systeme und der Erhalt der Netzstabilität sind eine große Herausforderung für die Netzbetreiber. Mit dem Digital Grid Lab erweitert das Fraunhofer ISE seine Kompetenzen im Bereich Netzsimulation und kann das Netz und die Kommunikation darin in Echtzeit betrachten“, erklärt Prof. Christof Wittwer, Bereichsleiter Leistungselektronik, Netze und intelligente Systeme am Fraunhofer ISE. Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulationen in Echtzeit Herzstücke des neuen Labors sind die sechs leistungsstarken Hardware-in-the- Loop (HIL)- Computer: Sie erlauben es, Stromnetze mit bis zu 2000 Knoten im Modell nachzubilden und in zeitlich hoher Auflösung in ihrem Verhalten zu testen. Für Geräte oder Anlagen an Netzknotenpunkten, aber auch für autarke Micro- Grids, smarte Quartiere und Verteilnetze können in dieser hochmodernen Testumgebung auch kritische Netzsituationen simuliert werden, ohne das echte Stromnetz zu gefährden. Acht flexibel schaltbare Leistungsverstärker mit einer Gesamtleistung von 800 kVA erlauben es, einem Prüfling diese simulierte Netzsituation aufzuprägen oder Batterien und Erzeuger (z.B. Photovoltaik-Anlagen) in Hardware nachzubilden. Die moderne Infrastruktur ermöglicht die Betrachtung von AC oder DC Netzen. „Der digitale Zwilling auf dem HIL-Rechner ist dank einer Bibliothek von Modellen sehr flexibel konfigurierbar. Wir können Stromnetze unterschiedlicher Größen und Spannungsebenen simulieren und sowohl private als auch gewerbliche Energiesysteme nachbilden. Der Zwilling ermöglicht die Evaluierung und Optimierung von Komponenten, Energiemanagementsystemen und Kommunikationsstandards in ei- 31
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