Philippians and Philemon - MR Vincent - 1906.pdf

More documents

Recommendations

Info

40 PHILIPPIANS [l. 1 grades in the church. The same man could be both a prophet and a teacher. Whatever authority they possessed depended upon the church's conviction that their charisma was of divine origin. In Paul's two Hsts in i Cor. and Eph. of those who have been divinely commissioned in the church, neither, ,nor appear. Nor do they appear anywhere in the acknowledged epistles of Paul with the exception of the greeting to the bishops and deacons in the Philippian letter. But in the Ignatian epistles (100-118 a.d.) we find a clear recognition of three orders of ministry, — bishops, presbyters, and deacons, without which it is asserted that a church is not duly constituted {Trail, iii.). This ministry is the centre of church order. The bishop is distinguished from the presbyter as representing a higher order. He is to be regarded as the Lord himself {Eph. vi.) ; to be obeyed as Christ and as God {Trail, ii. ; Mag. iii.). Nothing is to be done without his consent {Polyc. iv.). He is to be followed as Jesus followed the Father {Smyr. viii.). The presbyters are to preside after the likeness of the council of the apostles {Mag. vi.). Obedience is to be rendered to them as to the apostles of Jesus Christ {Trail, ii.). The deacons are to be respected as Jesus Christ {Trail, iii.). In short, we have in these epistles the strongly marked beginnings of the monarchical episcopacy. See Lightf. Ignatius, vol. i. p. 389 if. occur the titles,, , . and Somewhat earlier, in the Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians (about 96 A.D.), we find a greater variety of names applied to church functionaries. Besides,,and, But it is also distinctly asserted (xhi., xHv.) that the apostles appointed bishops and deacons to succeed them because they knew through Christ that strife would arise over the name of the bishop's office {) — . It is to be noticed that presbyters are not mentioned. Assuming the PhiHppian letter to have been written in 61 or 62 A.D., we have less than forty years to the time of Clement's epistle, and less than sixty to the time of the Ignatian letters. A great development has taken place in those years from the rudimentary conditions of church poHty which we have been considering. This change did not come at a leap. Its elements must have been long in solution in the fluid and more democratic poHty of the earher time. The important and difficult question is the process by which the earlier and crude forms of polity developed into that system which is more than foreshadowed in Clement, sharply defined in Ignatius, and an accepted fact in Irenseus, TertuUian, and Cyprian. Here a difficulty arises as to our sources. 'and
I. 1] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 4 SiaKOvoL appear in Phil. ;,,and in the Pastoral Epistles ; and in the Acts and I Pet. ; in Jas., i Pet., 2 and 3 Jn., and the Apocalypse. Harnack places the Pastorals in the middle of the second century ; Holtzmann, in its former half. The modern radical criticism of the Acts pushes its date forward into the second century (so Harnack) besides impugning its reliability on various grounds. See Weizsacker, Aposi. A. 84 ff., 167 if., 199 ff.; J. Jungst, Die QuelUn der Apostelgeschichte, 1895; C. Clemen, Die Chronologie der paulinischen Briefe, 1893. The point to be observed is, that if the later date of the Pastorals be accepted, they must be held to represent an advanced stage in the development toward the episcopal poUty. Only let it be noted that Harnack's date brings us within the circle of the Ignatian polity, and warrants us in expecting a far more precise use of terms in the three epistles than we actually find. There is a great distance between the episcopate of the Pastorals and that of the Ignatian epistles. (See R^ville, p. 304.) If, on the other hand, the Pastorals be accepted as late products of Paul's hand, and the Acts as composed within the first century, we have in these, along with the Epistle to the Philippians and the Catholic epistles, traces of the transition from the looser to the better defined poUty. We have evidence of the existence of and in the church contemporary with Paul, without our being compelled to admit either that the was a regularly ordained ecclesiastical officer, or that and are synonymous. We have simply what we have , and,fall within the period of unsettled polity and loose nomenclature. The fact that all these names may represent functions without designating official titles accords with this view. The process of crystallisation is going on. These different designations emerge here and there in the church as local developments, just as the terms and. It may be admitted that one term might, on occasion, have been loosely used for another ; but the recognised and habitual identification of and is precluded by the very assumption that these functions had assumed the character of regularly constituted church offices or orders of the ministry. If such had been the case, such looseness and confusion in the use of the names of formally appointed and recognised church officers is inconceivable. I think that the indications of the nature of church polity furnished by the Pastorals are far fewer and less definite than is often assumed, and much too scanty to warrant the positive inferences based upon them as to the later date and reason to expect ; namely, that the three titles,,- 1
Page 2:
-^ OF PR/*c^ •iloSKALSt»^ So
Page 9 and 10:
t Itttnnational Cnfiral Commttitarg
Page 11 and 12:
: THE INTERNATIONAL CRITICAL COMMEN
Page 13:
Z^t 3nternaftonaf Criticaf Commenfd
Page 17 and 18:
THE INTERNATIONAL CRITICAL COMMENmR
Page 19 and 20:
if PREFACE The two epistles treated
Page 21:
CONTENTS — THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAU
Page 24 and 25:
INTRODUCTION burying-place, and was
Page 26 and 27:
Xii INTRODUCTION The governors of t
Page 28 and 29:
xiv INTRODUCTION According to Appia
Page 30 and 31:
XVi INTRODUCTION The Romans became
Page 32 and 33:
Xviii INTRODUCTION this deity have
Page 34 and 35:
XX INTRODUCTION pride in his own ci
Page 36 and 37:
xxii INTRODUCTION was a law of Clau
Page 38 and 39:
xxiv INTRODUCTION to Thessalonica,
Page 40 and 41:
XXVI INTRODUCTION epistles of Paul
Page 42 and 43:
XXviii INTRODUCTION Phil. ii. 9). T
Page 44 and 45:
XXX INTRODUCTION cient to account f
Page 46 and 47:
XXXli INTRODUCTION The theory of tw
Page 48 and 49:
XXxiv INTRODUCTION an expression of
Page 50 and 51: XXXvi INTRODUCTION lives according
Page 52 and 53: xxxvm TEXT SECONDARY UNCIALS K. Cod
Page 54 and 55: xl COMMENTARIES Le Clerc, Hyperius,
Page 56 and 57: xlii COMMENTARIES Karl BrAUNE : Die
Page 58 and 59: xliv ABBREVIATIONS Beng.
Page 61 and 62: TO THE PHILIPPIANS I. 1-11. THE PRO
Page 63 and 64: I. 1] THE PROLOGUE 3 established on
Page 65 and 66: I. 2, 3] THE PROLOGUE 5 and consequ
Page 67 and 68: I. 5, 6] THE PROLOGUE 7 ticipation
Page 69 and 70: I. 7] THE PROLOGUE 9 is to be of on
Page 71 and 72: I. 8, 9] THE PROLOGUE 1 passions, e
Page 73 and 74: I. 10] THE PROLOGUE 1 excel' (Matt.
Page 75 and 76: I. 11, 12] CAPTIVITY FURTHERS THE G
Page 77 and 78: I. 13, 14] THE ROMAN BRETHREN TAKE
Page 79 and 80: I. 15] THE ENVIOUS PREACHERS 1 denc
Page 81 and 82: I. 16, 17] THE ENVIOUS PREACHERS 21
Page 83 and 84: I. 18, 19] SALVATION THROUGH PERSEC
Page 85 and 86: I. 19, 20] CHRIST WILL BE MAGNIFIED
Page 87 and 88: I. 21, 22] WHETHER TO LIVE OR DIE ?
Page 89 and 90: I. 23, 24] TO BE WITH CHRIST IS BET
Page 91 and 92: I. 26] I SHALL ABIDE WITH YOU 3 is
Page 93 and 94: I, 27] IN ONE SPIRIT 33 would be fo
Page 95 and 96: I. 28, 29] THE GIFT OF SUFFERING 35
Page 97 and 98: I. 1] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 37 The th
Page 99: I. 1] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 39 an act
Page 103 and 104: I. 1] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 43 days i
Page 105 and 106: I. ] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 45 claimed
Page 107 and 108: I. ] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 47 that th
Page 109 and 110: I. ] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 49 mention
Page 111 and 112: 1.13] NOTE ON Nothing is clearer th
Page 113 and 114: II. 1] EXHORTATION TO UNANIMITY, LO
Page 115 and 116: II. 2, 3] SHUN STRIFE AND VAINGLORY
Page 117 and 118: II. 5, 6] CHRIST THE EXAMPLE OF HUM
Page 119 and 120: . 6, 7] THE FORM OF A BONDSERVANT 5
Page 121 and 122: II. 8, 9] HUMILIATION ISSUED IN EXA
Page 123 and 124: II. 10, 11] JESUS CHRIST IS LORD 63
Page 125 and 126: II. 12] CARRY OUT YOUR OWN SALVATIO
Page 127 and 128: . 13-15] SHUN MURMURINGS AND QUESTI
Page 129 and 130: ' 8€€ : twisted ' or ' distorte
Page 131 and 132: II. 17] THE LIBATION OF BLOOD /I /
Page 133 and 134: II. 19, 20] HE HOPES TO SEND TIMOTH
Page 135 and 136: II. 25] HE SENDS EPAPHRODITUS 75 Ho
Page 137 and 138: . 28-30] HAZARD OF LIFE FOR CHRIST'
Page 139 and 140: II. 6-11] ON II. 6-1 with the condi
Page 141 and 142: II. 6-11] ON II. 6-1 ^, as by Weiss
Page 143 and 144: II. 6-11] ON II. 6-1 The Greek Fath
Page 145 and 146: II. 6-11] ON . 6-1 said that he wou
Page 147 and 148: II. 6-ll] ON II. 6-11 8/ sequence i
Page 149 and 150: II. 6-11] ON II. 6-1 refusing to in
Page 151 and 152:
III. ] A WARNING AGAINST FALSE TEAC
Page 153 and 154:
III. 2, 3] THE TRUE CIRCUMCISION 93
Page 155 and 156:
III. 4] CONFIDENCE IN THE FLESH 95
Page 157 and 158:
III. 5] A HEBREW OF HEBREWS 97 nati
Page 159 and 160:
III. 6, 7] ALL LOST FOR CHRIST 99 i
Page 161 and 162:
: III. 8, 9] collectively. ALL LOST
Page 163 and 164:
III. 9, 10] THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF FA
Page 165 and 166:
III. 10] FELLOWSHIP WITH CHRIST'S S
Page 167 and 168:
III. 11, 12] NOT YET PERFECTED 10/
Page 169 and 170:
III. 13] FORGETTING WHAT IS BEHIND
Page 171 and 172:
III. 14] THE HEAVENWARD CALLING 1 1
Page 173 and 174:
III. 15] DO NOT CEASE TO STRIVE II3
Page 175 and 176:
III. 16, 17] IMITATE HOLY EXAMPLES
Page 177 and 178:
111.18,19] ENEMIES OF THE CROSS OF
Page 179 and 180:
III. 20] THE HEAVENLY COMMONWEALTH
Page 181 and 182:
III. 21] THE BODY OF CHRIST'S GLORY
Page 183 and 184:
III. 8-10] RIGHTEOUSNESS BY FAITH 1
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
IV. ] VARIOUS EXHORTATIONS TO UNITY
Page 191 and 192:
IV. 2, 3] EUODIA, SYNTYCHE, AND SYN
Page 193 and 194:
IV. 3-5] REJOICE AND FORBEAR 1 33 p
Page 195 and 196:
IV. 6, 7] THE GUARDIANSHIP OF GOD'S
Page 197 and 198:
IV. 7, 8] THE GUARDIANSHIP OF GOD'S
Page 199 and 200:
IV. 8] TAKE ACCOUNT OF ALL GOOD THI
Page 201 and 202:
IV, 9, 10] YOUR GIFT MADE ME GLAD I
Page 203 and 204:
IV. 11, 12] SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN CHR
Page 205 and 206:
IV. 12, 13] I CAN DO ALL THINGS I45
Page 207 and 208:
IV. 15] THE FIRST TO HELP 1 47 15.
Page 209 and 210:
IV. 16, 17] THE GIFT WILL ENRICH TH
Page 211 and 212:
IV. 18, 19] GOD'S GLORIOUS SUPPLY 1
Page 213 and 214:
IV. 21, 22] CLOSING SALUTATIONS 1 5
Page 215:
THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO PHILEMON
Page 218 and 219:
158 INTRODUCTION The traditions whi
Page 220 and 221:
16 INTRODUCTION lines, inspired by
Page 222 and 223:
1 62 INTRODUCTION and Eusebius. Wha
Page 224 and 225:
1 64 INTRODUCTION and of the other
Page 226 and 227:
1 66 INTRODUCTION nor a hint of suc
Page 228 and 229:
1 68 INTRODUCTION impress of Christ
Page 231:
TEXT See Introduction to Philippian
Page 235 and 236:
TO PHILEMON THE SALUTATION 1-3. Pau
Page 237 and 238:
2-4] THE CHURCH IN THE HOUSE 1 77 s
Page 239 and 240:
5, 6] LOVE AND FAITH TO CHRIST AND
Page 241 and 242:
6, 7] THE BRETHREN'S HEART REFRESHE
Page 243 and 244:
8, 9] ENTREATY FOR LOVE'S SAKE 1 83
Page 245 and 246:
10, 11] THE PROFITABLE SLAVE 1 85 o
Page 247 and 248:
13, 14] A FAVOR FREELY GRANTED 1 87
Page 249 and 250:
16, 17] MORE THAN A SLAVE 1 89 Phil
Page 251 and 252:
19-22] REFRESH MY HEART I9I respons
Page 253 and 254:
2] THE CHURCH IN THY HOUSE 193 He r
Page 255 and 256:
Achaia, xi. Acts, date of, 41. INDE
Page 257 and 258:
Klopper, ., on the date of the Phil
Page 259 and 260:
^, P. 14. yw, P. 5, 9. INDEX OF GRE
Page 261:
,1, 27, ii. 1 7, iii. 9; P. 5. INDE
Page 268:
Miut •' ',-' ,''-:''' -.^mm-^r'^^
show all

Philippians and Philemon - MR Vincent - 1906.pdf

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?