Philippians and Philemon - MR Vincent - 1906.pdf

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XX INTRODUCTION pride in his own city {S/. Paul the Traveller, etc., p. 206). Mepts, which does not mean 'province' () , may indicate some subdivision, not recognised in the formal poHtical arrangement, of which PhiUppi was the centre ; and may mark an emphasis on its colonial rank as possessing the jus Italicuvi (note the 5 being emphatic position of); so that PhiUppi is designated as the most considerable colonial city of this part of Macedonia, taken together. In this designation lies the motive expressed by ' lyns , seeing it is,' — that the prominence of the city led Paul to choose it as the starting-point of his missionary work. Ramsay, The Church in the Roman See Wendt's Meyer on Acts xvi. 12 ; Empire^ p. 156 f. ; O. Holtzmann, Neutestamentliche Zeitgeschichte, p. 104; Lightf., Phil., p. 50. The events of St. Paul's Macedonian ministry are related in Acts xvi., xvii. Imprisoned at PhiUppi, and then expelled by the magistrates, he went to Thessalonica, and thence to Bercea, from both which places he was driven by the fanatical opposition of the Jews. From Bercea he went to Athens. The narrative in Acts is sketchy and full of movement, dwelUng only upon salient points, and furnishing no definite information as to the length of the apostle's stay in PhiUppi. Slight hints like Tivas (xvi. 1 2), and inl? (xvi. 18), and the fact that some time must have been required to form a circle of " brethren " (xvi. 40), and to develop those strong and affectionate relations which appear in the Philippian letter, seem to indicate a longer stay than might be inferred from the surface of the narrative. See Clemen, Die Chronologie der paulinischen Briefe, s. 192; Klopper, Komm. Einleit., S. 3. From the dropping of the first person plural at Acts xvi. 40, it has been inferred that Luke remained behind in PhiUppi. About five years later the apostle again visited Macedonia, and having gone thence to Corinth, was about to return to Syria by sea, when a plot against his life determined him to return to Macedonia (Acts xix. 21, XX. 1-3 ; 2 Cor. i. 15, 17, ii. 13, vii. 5). The last meeting with his Philippian converts is noted (Acts xx. 6), after which he departed for Troas. This is our last notice of the Philippians until the time of the Roman imprisonment.
INTRODUCTION xxi IV PAUL AT ROME After the shipwreck at Malta, Paul arrived at Rome in the spring of 56 A.D., during the reign of Nero (54-68). Burrhus, the praetorian prefect, a rough but kindly disposed soldier, extended to him every liberty which the law allowed ; permitting him to occupy a lodging of his own under the charge of a praetorian soldier (Acts xxviii. 16), and allowing his friends and other visitors free access to him (Acts xxviii. 30). I follow the chronology of Harnack, Die Chronol. d. altchr. Lit. bis Eusebius, Bd. i. S. 233. See also O. Holtzmann, Neutest. Zeitgesch. S. 132; and Prof. A. McGiffert, Amer. Jotirn. Theol. Jan. 1897, P• '47• Against these see Schiirer, Gesch. d. jiid, Volkes, 2 Aufl. i. S. 483 ff. (Clarks' Trans. Divis. i. Vol. ii. p. 182), and Professor ^vca&vj. Expositor, May, 1896, p. 338, and April, 1897, P• 245 if. The church at Rome had been for some time in existence before the apostle's arrival, although we are ignorant of the circumstances of its foundation. In Acts xxviii. 15 its existence is assumed, and the company which meets Paul at Appii Forum has the character of a deputation. Nor is it likely that the church was insignificant either in numbers or influence, since the important letter to it, with its numerous salutations, was composed three or four years before his arrival at Rome. His influence quickly made itself felt in the praetorian guard, and among his visitors from the city ; and the brethren of the Roman church were stimulated to greater boldness and zeal in the proclamation of the gospel (Phil. i. 12-14). His presence and activity also stirred up certain hostile elements in the church itself; men who made the preaching of the gospel a means of promoting their own partisan interests, and of venting their envy and spite against the apostle. See on ch. i. 15, 16. Paul's long detention before his trial was nothing unusual, as is shown by Josephus' account of some Jewish priests sent by Felix to Rome, who were not released for three years (Jos. Vita, 3). The delay may have been caused by the non-arrival of his prose- cutors, and possibly by the loss in the shipwreck of the official record of the proceedings forwarded by Festus ; although there
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Page 9 and 10: t Itttnnational Cnfiral Commttitarg
Page 11 and 12: : THE INTERNATIONAL CRITICAL COMMEN
Page 13: Z^t 3nternaftonaf Criticaf Commenfd
Page 17 and 18: THE INTERNATIONAL CRITICAL COMMENmR
Page 19 and 20: if PREFACE The two epistles treated
Page 21: CONTENTS — THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAU
Page 24 and 25: INTRODUCTION burying-place, and was
Page 26 and 27: Xii INTRODUCTION The governors of t
Page 28 and 29: xiv INTRODUCTION According to Appia
Page 30 and 31: XVi INTRODUCTION The Romans became
Page 32 and 33: Xviii INTRODUCTION this deity have
Page 36 and 37: xxii INTRODUCTION was a law of Clau
Page 38 and 39: xxiv INTRODUCTION to Thessalonica,
Page 40 and 41: XXVI INTRODUCTION epistles of Paul
Page 42 and 43: XXviii INTRODUCTION Phil. ii. 9). T
Page 44 and 45: XXX INTRODUCTION cient to account f
Page 46 and 47: XXXli INTRODUCTION The theory of tw
Page 48 and 49: XXxiv INTRODUCTION an expression of
Page 50 and 51: XXXvi INTRODUCTION lives according
Page 52 and 53: xxxvm TEXT SECONDARY UNCIALS K. Cod
Page 54 and 55: xl COMMENTARIES Le Clerc, Hyperius,
Page 56 and 57: xlii COMMENTARIES Karl BrAUNE : Die
Page 58 and 59: xliv ABBREVIATIONS Beng.
Page 61 and 62: TO THE PHILIPPIANS I. 1-11. THE PRO
Page 63 and 64: I. 1] THE PROLOGUE 3 established on
Page 65 and 66: I. 2, 3] THE PROLOGUE 5 and consequ
Page 67 and 68: I. 5, 6] THE PROLOGUE 7 ticipation
Page 69 and 70: I. 7] THE PROLOGUE 9 is to be of on
Page 71 and 72: I. 8, 9] THE PROLOGUE 1 passions, e
Page 73 and 74: I. 10] THE PROLOGUE 1 excel' (Matt.
Page 75 and 76: I. 11, 12] CAPTIVITY FURTHERS THE G
Page 77 and 78: I. 13, 14] THE ROMAN BRETHREN TAKE
Page 79 and 80: I. 15] THE ENVIOUS PREACHERS 1 denc
Page 81 and 82: I. 16, 17] THE ENVIOUS PREACHERS 21
Page 83 and 84: I. 18, 19] SALVATION THROUGH PERSEC
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I. 19, 20] CHRIST WILL BE MAGNIFIED
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I. 21, 22] WHETHER TO LIVE OR DIE ?
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I. 23, 24] TO BE WITH CHRIST IS BET
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I. 26] I SHALL ABIDE WITH YOU 3 is
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I, 27] IN ONE SPIRIT 33 would be fo
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I. 28, 29] THE GIFT OF SUFFERING 35
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I. 1] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 37 The th
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I. 1] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 39 an act
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I. 1] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 4 SiaKOvo
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I. 1] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 43 days i
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I. ] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 45 claimed
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I. ] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 47 that th
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I. ] BISHOPS AND DEACONS 49 mention
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1.13] NOTE ON Nothing is clearer th
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II. 1] EXHORTATION TO UNANIMITY, LO
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II. 2, 3] SHUN STRIFE AND VAINGLORY
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II. 5, 6] CHRIST THE EXAMPLE OF HUM
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. 6, 7] THE FORM OF A BONDSERVANT 5
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II. 8, 9] HUMILIATION ISSUED IN EXA
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II. 10, 11] JESUS CHRIST IS LORD 63
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II. 12] CARRY OUT YOUR OWN SALVATIO
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. 13-15] SHUN MURMURINGS AND QUESTI
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' 8€€ : twisted ' or ' distorte
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II. 17] THE LIBATION OF BLOOD /I /
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II. 19, 20] HE HOPES TO SEND TIMOTH
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II. 25] HE SENDS EPAPHRODITUS 75 Ho
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. 28-30] HAZARD OF LIFE FOR CHRIST'
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II. 6-11] ON II. 6-1 with the condi
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II. 6-11] ON II. 6-1 ^, as by Weiss
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II. 6-11] ON II. 6-1 The Greek Fath
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II. 6-11] ON . 6-1 said that he wou
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II. 6-ll] ON II. 6-11 8/ sequence i
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II. 6-11] ON II. 6-1 refusing to in
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III. ] A WARNING AGAINST FALSE TEAC
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III. 2, 3] THE TRUE CIRCUMCISION 93
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III. 4] CONFIDENCE IN THE FLESH 95
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III. 5] A HEBREW OF HEBREWS 97 nati
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III. 6, 7] ALL LOST FOR CHRIST 99 i
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: III. 8, 9] collectively. ALL LOST
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III. 9, 10] THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF FA
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III. 10] FELLOWSHIP WITH CHRIST'S S
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III. 11, 12] NOT YET PERFECTED 10/
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III. 13] FORGETTING WHAT IS BEHIND
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III. 14] THE HEAVENWARD CALLING 1 1
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III. 15] DO NOT CEASE TO STRIVE II3
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III. 16, 17] IMITATE HOLY EXAMPLES
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111.18,19] ENEMIES OF THE CROSS OF
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III. 20] THE HEAVENLY COMMONWEALTH
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III. 21] THE BODY OF CHRIST'S GLORY
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III. 8-10] RIGHTEOUSNESS BY FAITH 1
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IV. ] VARIOUS EXHORTATIONS TO UNITY
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IV. 2, 3] EUODIA, SYNTYCHE, AND SYN
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IV. 3-5] REJOICE AND FORBEAR 1 33 p
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IV. 6, 7] THE GUARDIANSHIP OF GOD'S
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IV. 7, 8] THE GUARDIANSHIP OF GOD'S
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IV. 8] TAKE ACCOUNT OF ALL GOOD THI
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IV, 9, 10] YOUR GIFT MADE ME GLAD I
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IV. 11, 12] SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN CHR
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IV. 12, 13] I CAN DO ALL THINGS I45
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IV. 15] THE FIRST TO HELP 1 47 15.
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IV. 16, 17] THE GIFT WILL ENRICH TH
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IV. 18, 19] GOD'S GLORIOUS SUPPLY 1
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IV. 21, 22] CLOSING SALUTATIONS 1 5
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THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO PHILEMON
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158 INTRODUCTION The traditions whi
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16 INTRODUCTION lines, inspired by
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1 62 INTRODUCTION and Eusebius. Wha
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1 64 INTRODUCTION and of the other
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1 66 INTRODUCTION nor a hint of suc
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1 68 INTRODUCTION impress of Christ
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TEXT See Introduction to Philippian
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TO PHILEMON THE SALUTATION 1-3. Pau
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2-4] THE CHURCH IN THE HOUSE 1 77 s
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5, 6] LOVE AND FAITH TO CHRIST AND
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6, 7] THE BRETHREN'S HEART REFRESHE
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8, 9] ENTREATY FOR LOVE'S SAKE 1 83
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10, 11] THE PROFITABLE SLAVE 1 85 o
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13, 14] A FAVOR FREELY GRANTED 1 87
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16, 17] MORE THAN A SLAVE 1 89 Phil
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19-22] REFRESH MY HEART I9I respons
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2] THE CHURCH IN THY HOUSE 193 He r
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Achaia, xi. Acts, date of, 41. INDE
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Klopper, ., on the date of the Phil
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^, P. 14. yw, P. 5, 9. INDEX OF GRE
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,1, 27, ii. 1 7, iii. 9; P. 5. INDE
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