(Netter Basic Science) Frank H. Netter - Atlas of Human Anatomy-Elsevier (2018)

Structures With High* Clinical Significance
ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
NERVOUS SYSTEM—Continued
Visceral pain afferents from
heart
Pain of myocardial ischemia referred to upper thoracic dermatomes; may be perceived as
somatic pain in chest and medial upper limb
PLATE
NUMBERS
231
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Internal thoracic artery Commonly used for coronary artery bypass grafts 196, 197
Pulmonary arteries Thromboemboli may obstruct pulmonary vasculature, leading to infarction 205, 210
Pericardium
Coronary arteries
Interventricular septum of
heart
Heart valves
Pericardial effusion (accumulation of fluid or blood) may compromise heart function (cardiac
tamponade)
Atherosclerotic blockage may cause myocardial ischemia and/or infarct; anterior
interventricular (left anterior descending) artery most commonly diseased
Ventricular septal defect is most common congenital cardiac defect; most often involves
membranous part of septum
Congenital variations of valve anatomy or valvular disease (e.g., rheumatic heart disease)
can cause valvular stenosis
Sinuatrial node Aging, previous heart surgery, and some medications can cause cardiac arrhythmias 229
Ligamentum arteriosum
Thoracic aorta
Azygos venous system
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Abnormal closure of ductus arteriosus can produce aortic coarctation; lack of closure
produces patent ductus arteriosus; if not closed, may cause exertional dyspnea, pulmonary
vascular disease, or heart failure
Congenital coarctation of aorta can compromise systemic blood flow; collateral vascular
connections can alleviate this condition
Drains posterior thorax and provides important collateral channel between inferior vena cava
and superior vena cava
Mammary gland lymphatics Metastatic spread of cancer cells to axilla and chest via lymphatics draining breast 191
Axillary lymph nodes
Primary nodes that receive lymphatic drainage from upper limb, thoracic wall, and breast;
commonly enlarged in patients with breast cancer
*Selections were based largely on clinical data as well as commonly covered clinical correlations in gross anatomy courses.
215, 219
222
225, 228
226
233
240
241
190, 191
Table 4.2
mebooksfree.com
Clinical Tables