(Netter Basic Science) Frank H. Netter - Atlas of Human Anatomy-Elsevier (2018)

Structures with High* Clinical Significance
8
ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Sural nerve
Common fibular nerve
Obturator nerve
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Nerve is commonly biopsied for peripheral neuropathies and commonly used as
donor graft in neurotization procedure
Injury to this nerve from blunt trauma or compression by leg cast weakens
dorsiflexion and results in foot drop
Nerve is blocked or transected for adductor muscle spasticity in cerebral palsy;
may be injured during pelvic fractures or pelvic surgical procedures such as
lymphadenectomy
PLATE
NUMBERS
474, 531
529, 531, 533
530
Femoral nerve
Saphenous nerve
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Deep veins of leg
Can be compressed from femoral hematoma and can be anesthetized for
procedures of the lower limb
Can be anesthetized in the adductor canal to provide pain relief after knee
replacement
Deep venous thrombosis of deep leg veins is due to venous stasis, vessel injury,
and/or coagulation disorders; can lead to thrombus formation and
thromboemboli
488, 490, 529
473, 490, 529
Great saphenous vein Often used as coronary artery bypass grafts 473
Superficial veins
Femoral artery in femoral triangle;
popliteal artery in deep popliteal
region of knee; dorsalis pedis
artery on dorsum of foot;
posterior tibial artery in tarsal
tunnel posterior to medial
malleolus
Major arteries of lower limb
(femoral artery, popliteal artery,
tibial artery, and fibular artery)
Varicose veins (dilated tortuous superficial veins connected by perforating veins
to deeper veins with incompetent venous valves)
513
473, 513
Lower limb pulse points 490, 503,
508, 513
Peripheral arterial disease due to atherosclerosis may occur in major arteries of
lower limb, resulting in reduced blood flow; patients experience claudication
(cramping pain in thigh or calf), especially upon exertion
503
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Superficial inguinal nodes
Lymph vessels
Superficial inguinal nodes drain the lower limb, gluteal region, lower abdominal
region, and perineum; are palpable when enlarged
Lymphedema (stasis of lymph flow in lymph vessels obstructed by inflammation,
fibrosis, tumor, or abnormally small diameter)
475
475
*Selections were based largely on clinical data as well as commonly covered clinical correlations in gross anatomy courses.
Clinical Tables
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Table 8.2