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(Netter Basic Science) Frank H. Netter - Atlas of Human Anatomy-Elsevier (2018)

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Gas Exchange

4

During inhalation

Air flows into lungs

Chest expands

Intercostal

muscles

contract

Air flows out of lungs

Alveolar pressure

becomes less than

airway opening

During exhalation

Intercostal

muscles relax

Chest contracts

Elastic recoil

of chest wall

and lungs

Alveolar pressure

greater than at

airway opening

Pulmonary

artery

(from heart)

Pulmonary

veins (to heart)

Capillary

plexus

Alveoli

Surface-active

layer (surfactant)

Lamellar

bodies

Type I

alveolar cell

and nucleus

Type II alveolar cell

Alveolus

(air space)

Alveolar

macrophage

O2

CO2

Tight cell

junctions

CO 2

O 2

Red blood

cells

Capillary

lumen

CO 2

O 2

Alveolar

capillary

Alveolus

Interstitium

Fused basement Endothelial (loose)

membranes cell junctions

Endothelial cell

and nucleus

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