(Netter Basic Science) Frank H. Netter - Atlas of Human Anatomy-Elsevier (2018)

Structures with High* Clinical Significance
ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES
Umbilicus
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Xiphoid process, pubic
symphysis
Anterior superior iliac spine
(ASIS)
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Landmark for locating transumbilical plane, which is used to divide abdomen into quadrants;
marks position of T10 dermatome; used to locate McBurney’s point; common site for
hernias in abdominal wall
Palpable landmarks used to locate median plane, which is used to divide abdomen into
quadrants
Palpable landmark used to located McBurney’s point; tenderness over McBurney’s point is
indication of appendicitis
PLATE
NUMBERS
249, 251
249
250, 282
Linea alba
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Site used for abdominal wall incisions because there is lack of significant neurovascular
branches in this region
249, 254
Inguinal ligament Surface landmark that marks division between abdominal wall and thigh 249, 253
Inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle
Deep (internal) inguinal ring
Femoral ring
Esophageal hiatus of
diaphragm
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Weak area on anterior abdominal wall where abdominal contents may herniate, producing
direct inguinal hernia
Opening on anterior abdominal wall where abdominal contents may herniate, producing
indirect inguinal hernia
Opening medial to external iliac vessels where abdominal contents may herniate, producing
femoral hernia
Widening of this opening allows stomach to protrude into mediastinum, causing
gastroesophageal reflux
256, 262
262, 263
264
269, 271
Liver Palpable inferior to right costal margin 270, 276
Gastroesophageal junction
Transient relaxations or decreased tone of lower esophageal sphincter can cause gastric
esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
277, 328
Stomach, duodenum Site of peptic ulcer formation 276, 277
Appendix Prone to inflammation and rupture 280, 282
Colon Common site of diverticula; colonoscopy is performed to screen for colon cancer 283
Gallbladder
URINARY SYSTEM
Palpable at junction of right costal margin and midclavicular line; may become inflamed
(cholecystitis) and cause pain; gallstones can block biliary ducts
Kidney Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance; may develop renal calculi (kidney stones) 314
284, 309
Pancreas
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Due to its retroperitoneal position, pain from pancreas is typically referred to the back;
cancer of head of pancreas can compress common bile duct
288, 310
Table 5.1
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Clinical Tables