Interim report of the HELCOM CORESET project

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104 3.7. Cesium-137 Authors: Jürgen Herrmann, Günter Kanisch and Sven P. Nielsen Acknowledged persons: Members of the HELCOM MORS-PRO project As the indicator already exists as a HELCOM Indicator Fact Sheet, it is presented in that format. What are the concentrations of the artifi cial radionuclide caesium-137 in Baltic Sea herring? Key message Overall, the Cs-137 activity concentrations in herring in the Baltic Sea basins are approaching pre- Chernobyl levels. Radioactive fallout over the Baltic Sea from the Fukushima accident in Japan in March 2011 is very small and may not be detectable in seawater and fi sh. The corresponding radiological risks are estimated to be negligible. Policy relevance The development and use of nuclear power for military and peaceful purposes have resulted in the production of a number of man-made radioactive substances. Explosions of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere distribute radioactive substances in the environment, while underground nuclear explosions release little or no radioactivity into the environment. The routine operations of nuclear power plants give rise to small controlled discharges of radioactive substances, but accidents at nuclear power plants can cause releases of considerable amounts of radioactivity into the environment. Man-made radionuclides of particular concern to man and the environment are 90Sr and 137Cs, which are both formed by nuclear fi ssion. A study on worldwide marine radioactivity enables a comparison of levels of anthropogenic radionuclides in Baltic seawater against those in other marine areas of the world. The Baltic Sea has the highest average 137Cs levels in surface water (IAEA 2005). Radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 is the dominating source for 137Cs in the Baltic Sea. The levels of 137Cs in the Baltic Sea, both in water and biota, have shown declining trends since the early nineties.
137 Cs concentration above target value 137 Cs concentration below target value Target level = 2.5 Bq/kg © National Land Survey, Finland 81/MYY/07 Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, FINLAND 2011 Data source: Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) Figure 3.4. 137Cs concentrations (in Bq/kg) in herring muscle in 1984-2009, as annual mean values by basin. GES boundary values have been calculated as averages of pre-Chernobyl (1984-1985) concentrations. (Note: variable scales in the graphs) 105
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Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings
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2 Helsinki Commission Katajanokanla
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4 4.16. Cumulative impact on benthi
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6 descriptions of the indicators. T
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8 The CORESET expert group on biodi
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10 fi sh stocks and change in diet,
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12 Figure 2.3. The prevalence of pr
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14 Seasonal changes in blubber thic
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16 Blubber thickness suggestions Bl
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18 Weaknesses/gaps Monitoring of th
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20 2.3. Population growth rate of m
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22 Annual adult survival 1 0,95 0,9
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24 Existing monitoring data Informa
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26 References Bäcklin, B. M. 2011.
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28 Reproduction in the Baltic eagle
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30 Breeding success The proportion
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32 of the real number of nestlings
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34 Gaps and weaknesses Minimum dete
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36 2.5. Abundance of wintering popu
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38 Table 2.10. Pressures affecting
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40 Refrences Skov et al. (2000) Bir
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42 termined by application of the 7
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44 Approach for defi ning GES All s
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46 Sampling It is suggested to incl
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48 2.7. Fish population abundance 2
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50 Coastal Fish - Community Abundan
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52 When a reference data set cannot
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Page 84 and 85: 82 Pathways of PFOS to the Baltic e
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Page 88 and 89: 86 3.4. Polychlorinated biphenyls a
Page 90 and 91: 88 actions related to the environme
Page 92 and 93: 90 The CORESET expert group decided
Page 94 and 95: 92 pheric deposition pattern (lowes
Page 96 and 97: 94 3.5. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (
Page 98 and 99: 96 GES boundaries and matrix Existi
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Page 104 and 105: 102 GES boundaries and matrices Exi
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Page 116 and 117: 114 3.8 Tributyltin (TBT) and the i
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Page 122 and 123: 120 Recommendation TBT measurements
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Page 128 and 129: 126 The use of different fi sh spec
Page 130 and 131: 128 Kirchin, M.A. Moore, M.N. Dean,
Page 132 and 133: 130 3.11. Fish Disease Index: Exter
Page 134 and 135: 132 Confounding factors The multifa
Page 136 and 137: 134 analyses ICES data from various
Page 138 and 139: 136 An EAC is the threshold beyond
Page 140 and 141: 138 3.12. Micronucleus test Authors
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Page 144 and 145: 142 ing national data sets. Note: t
Page 146 and 147: 144 Baršienė J. Rybakovas A. 2006
Page 148 and 149: 146 3.13 A. Reproductive disorders
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Page 152 and 153: 150 Strand, J, Dahllöf, I. (2005).
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154 Eriksson Wiklund, A-K., and Sun
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156 4. Candidate indicators for bio
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158 Zooplankton-phytoplankton bioma
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160 4.2. By-catch of marine mammals
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162 4.3. Impacts of anthropogenic u
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164 4.4. Fatty-acid composition of
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166 7. Use of the indicator in prev
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168 10. Spatial considerations Balt
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170 4.10. Large fi sh individuals f
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172 11. Temporal considerations Sam
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178 A proposal for an approach to a
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180 Technical data Metadata This is
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182 F igure 4.1. Map showing the cu
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184 4.17. Biomass of copepods 1. Wo
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186 4.19. Zooplankton species diver
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188 indirectly impacted by eutrophi
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190 Notes for the GES boundary The
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192 Step 3: Prepare a list of speci
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194 4.22. Phytoplankton diversity 1
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196 4. Policy relevance Nonylphenol
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198 among different studies/measure
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200 4.27. EROD/CYP1A induction The
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202 5.1. Summary of all supplementa
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204 Table 5.1. (continues) Suppleme
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206 5.5. Biopollution level index 1
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208 NIS for aquaculture purposes. O
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210 Balanus improvisus Baltic Katte
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212 Figure 5.3. The scheme for asse
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214 5.6. Organochlorine compounds G
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216 EU Directive 2008/105/ EC Daugh
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218 Table 5.4. Monitoring of HCB, H
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