Interim report of the HELCOM CORESET project

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In Denmark, the highest contamination with BDEs was found in sediment and mussels close to populated
urban areas. The congener BDE47 is both bioconcentrated and biomagnifi ed to a higher degree than any
other congeners, whereas the amount of BDE99 decrease at higher trophic levels.
The Swedish sediment monitoring programme, covering 16 stations in the coastal and offshore areas of
the Baltic Sea, showed that concentrations of BDE47, BDE99 and BDE100 were clearly the highest in the
Kattegat, 0,4-0,6 μg/kg dw (BDE209 not reported).
The occurrence of BDEs is widespread in the Baltic marine environment. It is probable that current legislative
measures (penta- and octaBDE banned in the EU since 2004) have already decreased penta- and
octaBDE levels in the Baltic Sea. While PentaBDE and octaBDE do not seem to pose a risk to the marine
environment in the Western Baltic Sea, the situation may be different in the eastern part of Baltic Sea. Information
on the occurrence of penta-, octa- and decaBDE in the eastern Baltic Sea (e.g. in biota) and in
discharges (e.g. WWTPs) and emissions, especially from eastern HELCOM contracting Parties, is thus greatly
needed. More information on the occurrence of penta-, octa- and decaBDE discharges from e.g., landfi lls
and waste sorting sites is needed from the whole Baltic Sea area.
Recommendation
DecaBDE is the dominant congener from sources (e.g. WWTPs) and in the Baltic Sea sediments; it can also
be found in Baltic Sea fi sh, although tetraBDE is the most dominant congener in biota. Levels of decaBDE
may be increasing because its use has not been restricted. However, because of the environmental problems
of decaBDE and anticipating regulatory measures, the European industry has taken voluntary action
to reduce releases of decaBDE. This would be expected to lead – over time – to decreasing concentrations.
PBDEs with smaller molecules are more toxic and bioaccumulative. The biotic and abiotic debromination of
highly brominated BDEs, such as decaBDE, to these smaller forms is a possibility and justifi es that monitoring
is based on a broad set of congeners.
PBDE are recommended to be included as a core indicator.
References
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in marine biota, trend and spatial monitoring (Metaller och organiska miljögifter i marin
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EU-RAR 2000. European Union Risk assessment on pentabromodiphenyl ether. Final report. European
Union Risk assessment report 5. 277 p. European Chemicals Bureau.
HELCOM (2010) Hazardous substances in the Baltic Sea – An integrated thematic assessment of hazardous
substances in the Baltic Sea. Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 120B. Available at: www.helcom.fi /publications
SCHER (2011) Scientifi c Committee on Health and Environmental Risks. Opinion on “Chemicals and the
Water Framework Directive: Draft environmental quality standards”. DG Health & Consumer Protection,
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de Winter-Sorkina R., Bakker M.I., Wolterink G. and Zeijlmaker M.J. (2006). Brominated fl ame retardants:
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