Interim report of the HELCOM CORESET project

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204 Table 5.1. (continues) Supplementary pressure indicators Objective of the indicator Nitrogen emissions to the air in the Baltic Sea Describe anthropogenic pressures for all biota in the area form of eutrophication: http://www.helcom.fi /BSAP_ assessment/ifs/ifs2010/en_GB/NitrogenEmissionsAir/ Emissions from the Baltic Sea shipping in 2009 Describe anthropogenic pressures for all biota in the form of contamination and eutrophication: http:// www.helcom.fi /BSAP_assessment/ifs/ifs2010/en_GB/ ShipEmissions/ Atmospheric nitrogen depositions to the Baltic Describe anthropogenic pressures for all biota in the Sea during 1995-2008 form of eutrophication: http://www.helcom.fi /BSAP_ assessment/ifs/ifs2010/en_GB/n_deposition/ Spatial distribution of the winter nutrient pool Describe anthropogenic pressures for all biota in the form of eutrophication.http://www.helcom.fi /BSAP_ assessment/ifs/ifs2010/en_GB/WinterNutrientPool/ Waterborne inputs of heavy metals to the Describe anthropogenic pressures for all biota in the Baltic Sea form of contamination: http://www.helcom.fi /BSAP_ assessment/ifs/ifs2010/en_GB/waterborne_hm/ Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals on Describe anthropogenic pressures for all biota in the the Baltic Sea form of contamination: http://www.helcom.fi /BSAP_ assessment/ifs/ifs2010/en_GB/hm_deposition/ Atmospheric deposition of PCDD/Fs on the Describe anthropogenic pressures for all biota in the Baltic Sea form of contamination:http://www.helcom.fi /BSAP_ assessment/ifs/ifs2010/en_GB/pcddf_deposition/ Shipping Describes the extent of underwater noise, disturbance for sea birds, vector for non-indigenous species, offshore wastewater and, in shallow areas, seabed disturbance. Illegal discharges of oil in the Baltic Sea during Describe anthropogenic pressures for all biota, par- 2009 ticularly seabirds, in the form of contamination: http:// www.helcom.fi /BSAP_assessment/ifs/ifs2010/en_GB/ illegaldischarges/ 5.2. Ratio of diatoms and dinofl agellates It has been widely suggested that the ratio of diatoms and dinofl agellates indicates environmental change in marine ecosystems. Most often changes in that ratio have been contributed to eutrophication or climatic changes. The same factors have been suggested to have caused the increase of dinofl agellates in the Baltic Sea spring bloom over the last decades, both in the northern Baltic Sea (Jaanus et al. 2006, Kremp et al. 2008, Olli & Trunov 2010), as well as in the central and southern parts (Wasmund & Uhlig 2003, Alheit et al. 2005). Klais et al. (2011) however concluded that on the time scale of previous four decades there has been no visible Baltic Sea wide trend in the ratio, but that the role of dinofl agellates has increased in the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, where also eutrophication process has taken place at the same time. At the moment, the indicator for the ratio of diatoms and dinofl agellates is seen by the CORESET project as a supplementary indicator and its applicability to indicate anthropogenic eutrophication in different areas of the region should be tested.
References Alheit J, Möllmann C, Dutz J, Kornilovs G, Loewe P, et al. (2005) Synchronous ecological regime shifts in the central Baltic and the North Sea in the late 1980s. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 1205– 1215. Jaanus A, Hajdu S, Kaitala S, Andersson A, Kaljurand K, et al. (2006) Distribution patterns of isomorphic cold-water dinofl agellates (Scrippsiella/Woloszynskia complex) causing ‘red tides’ in the Baltic Sea. Hydrobiologia 554: 137–146. Klais R, Tamminen T, Kremp A, Spilling K, Olli K (2011) Decadal-Scale Changes of Dinofl agellates and Diatoms in the Anomalous Baltic Sea Spring Bloom. PLoS ONE 6(6): e21567. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0021567 Kremp A, Tamminen T, Spilling K (2008) Dinofl agellate bloom formation in natural assemblages with diatoms: nutrient competition and growth strategies in Baltic spring phytoplankton. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 50: 181–196. Olli K, Trunov K (2010) Abundance and distribution of vernal bloom dinofl agellate cysts in the Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Riga (the Baltic Sea). Deep-Sea Research II 57: 235–242. Wasmund N, Uhlig S (2003) Phytoplankton trends in the Baltic Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 60: 177–186. 5.3. Ratio of aututrophic and heterotrophic organisms This indicator is based on the same rationale than the previous one: Increasing eutrophication reduces the ratio of autotrophic to heterotrophic processes. This indicator requires more consideration. 5.4. Abundance and distribution of non-indigenous invasive species The supplementary indicators for the distribution and abundance of selected invasive non-indigenous species are under development. The indicators will show the distribution map on the basis of the best available information, abundance map and graphs of the temporal changes of species. No text has been fi nalized for this report. The fi rst NIS species selected to be worked on are the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and the fi sh hook water fl ea Cercopagis pengoi. 205
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Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings
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2 Helsinki Commission Katajanokanla
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4 4.16. Cumulative impact on benthi
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6 descriptions of the indicators. T
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8 The CORESET expert group on biodi
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10 fi sh stocks and change in diet,
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12 Figure 2.3. The prevalence of pr
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14 Seasonal changes in blubber thic
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16 Blubber thickness suggestions Bl
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18 Weaknesses/gaps Monitoring of th
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22 Annual adult survival 1 0,95 0,9
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24 Existing monitoring data Informa
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26 References Bäcklin, B. M. 2011.
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28 Reproduction in the Baltic eagle
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30 Breeding success The proportion
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32 of the real number of nestlings
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34 Gaps and weaknesses Minimum dete
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38 Table 2.10. Pressures affecting
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40 Refrences Skov et al. (2000) Bir
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42 termined by application of the 7
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44 Approach for defi ning GES All s
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46 Sampling It is suggested to incl
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48 2.7. Fish population abundance 2
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50 Coastal Fish - Community Abundan
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52 When a reference data set cannot
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54 well, but were not included in t
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56 Weighting For Nordic Costal mult
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58 12. Current monitoring Monitored
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60 Błeńska M., Osowiecki A., Kra
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62 10. Spatial considerations Fucus
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64 2.15. Trend in the arrival of ne
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66 jectives is to reach “No intro
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68 Sweden Figure 2.23 shows the rat
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70 Strengths and weaknesses of data
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72 need to be revisited in light of
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74 Considering the data set availab
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76 In Denmark, the highest contamin
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78 Status of a compound on internat
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80 A temporal analysis (EU-RAR 2006
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82 Pathways of PFOS to the Baltic e
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84 In regions less affected by anth
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86 3.4. Polychlorinated biphenyls a
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88 actions related to the environme
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90 The CORESET expert group decided
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92 pheric deposition pattern (lowes
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94 3.5. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (
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96 GES boundaries and matrix Existi
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98 Quality Assurance of PAH metabol
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100 Ariese F, Burgers I, Oudhoff K,
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102 GES boundaries and matrices Exi
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104 3.7. Cesium-137 Authors: Jürge
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106 Figure 3.5. Average surface lev
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108 Temporal trends in concentratio
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110 Other important sources are glo
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112 Conceptual model of the sources
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114 3.8 Tributyltin (TBT) and the i
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116 GES boundaries and matrix Exist
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118 Monitoring the compound Status
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120 Recommendation TBT measurements
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122 3. Frogs have been shown to app
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124 not fi sh (Köhler et al. 2002;
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126 The use of different fi sh spec
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128 Kirchin, M.A. Moore, M.N. Dean,
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130 3.11. Fish Disease Index: Exter
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132 Confounding factors The multifa
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134 analyses ICES data from various
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136 An EAC is the threshold beyond
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138 3.12. Micronucleus test Authors
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140 main nuclei were not counted as
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142 ing national data sets. Note: t
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144 Baršienė J. Rybakovas A. 2006
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146 3.13 A. Reproductive disorders
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148 dead larvae can be induced by s
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150 Strand, J, Dahllöf, I. (2005).
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152 of contaminants in sediments wi
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Page 180 and 181: 178 A proposal for an approach to a
Page 182 and 183: 180 Technical data Metadata This is
Page 184 and 185: 182 F igure 4.1. Map showing the cu
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