Interim report of the HELCOM CORESET project

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84 In regions less affected by anthropogenic pollution, typical PFOS levels in fi sh liver were in the range 1–20 μg kg −1 ww. However, for wildlife or general human consumption, whole body or muscle concentrations would be more relevant as food matrices, which so far have not been found to exceed the PNEC value for PFOS. Compared to liver, PFOS concentrations in muscle were lower, typically in the range
References Berger, U., A. Glynn, K. Holmström, M. Berglund, E. Halldin Ankarberg & A. Törnkvist (2009b): Fish consumption as a source of human exposure to perfl uorinated alkyl substances in Sweden – Analysis of edible fi sh from Lake Vättern and the Baltic Sea, Chemosphere 76:799-804. Bignert, A., Danielsson, S., Nyberg, E., Asplund, L., Eriksson, U., Berger, U. & Haglund, P. 2009. Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Marine Biota. Report to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 2009-07-21. 153 pp. HELCOM 2009. Hazardous substances of specifi c concern to the Baltic Sea – Final report of the HAZARD- OUS project. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 119. 95 p. Helsinki Commission. HELCOM (2010) Hazardous substances in the Baltic Sea – An integrated thematic assessment of hazardous substances in the Baltic Sea. Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 120B. Available at: www.helcom.fi /publications Holmström, K.E., U. Jarnberg & A. Bignert (2005): Temporal trends of PFOS and PFOA in guillemot eggs from the Baltic Sea, 1968-2003. Environmental Science & Technology 39:80-84. Holmström, K.E., U. Jarnberg & A. Bignert (2005): Temporal trends of PFOS and PFOA in guillemot eggs from the Baltic Sea, 1968-2003. Environmental Science & Technology 39:80-84. Kannan, K., S. Corsolini, J. Falandysz, G. Oehme, S. Focardi, J.P. Giesy (2002): Perfl uorooctanesulfonate and related fl uorinated hydrocarbons in Marine Mammals, Fishes, and Birds from Coasts of the Baltic and the Mediterranean Seas, Environ. Sci. Technol. 36: 3210-3216. KEMI 2006. Perfl uorinated substances and their uses in Sweden. Swedish Chemical Agency (KEMI) Report 7/06. 58 p. Lilja, K., K. Norström, M. Remberger, L. Kaj, L. Engelrud, E. Junedahl, T. Viktor & E. Brorström-Lundén (2009): The screening of selected hazardous substances in the eastern Baltic marine environment. IVL, Report B1874. NERI (2007): Danmarks PFAS og organotinforbindelser i punktkilder og det akvatiske miljø, prepared by Strand, J., R. Bossi, O. Sortkjær, F. Landkildehus& M.M. Larsen. (In Danish.) Miljøundersøgelser Rapport 608. Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR) (2004): Perfl uorinated Alkylated Substances (PFAS) in the Nordic Environment, prepared by Kallenborn, R., U. Berger & U. Järnberg TemaNord 2004:552, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen (ISBN 92-893-1051-0, ISSN 0908-6692). OSPAR 2005 (updated in 2006). OSPAR background document on perfl uorooctane sulphonate. 46 p. OSPAR Commission. Poulsen, P., Jensen, A. & Wallström, E. 2005. More environmentally friendly alternatives to PFOS-compounds and PFOA. Environmental Project No. 1013. 162 p. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. Renner, R. 2001. Growing concern over perfl uorinated chemicals. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35: 154A-160A. SCHER (2011) Scientifi c Committee on Health and Environmental Risks. Opinion on “Chemicals and the Water Framework Directive: Draft environmental quality standards”. DG Health & Consumer Protection, European Commission. SEPA (2006): Perfl uoroalkylated acids and related compounds (PFAS) in the Swedish environment, prepared for Swedish Environment Protection Agency by Järnberg, U., K. Holmström, B. van Bavel & A. Kärrman. Strand, J., Bossi, R., Sortkjær, O., Landkildehus, F. & Larsen, M.M. 2007. PFAS og organotinforbindelser i punktkilder og det akvatiske miljø (PFAS and organotin compounds in point source effl uents and in aquatic environment). In Danish. 49 p. DMU (NERI) Rapport 608. Theobald, N., W. Gerwinski, C. Caliebe & M. Haarich (2007): Entwicklung und Validierung einer Methode zur Bestimmung von poly-fl uorierten organischen Substanzen in Meerwasser, Sedimenten und Biota; Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen dieser Schadstoffe in der Nord- und Ostsee, in German, Umweltbundesamt Texte 41/07, ISSN 1862-4804. (In German). Van der Putte, I., Murin, M., Van Velthoven, M. & Affourtit, F. 2010. Analysis of the risks arising from the industrial use of Perfuorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Ammonium Perfl uorooctanoate (APFO) and from their use in consumer articles. Evaluation of the risk reduction measures for potential restrictions on the manufacture, placing on the market and use of PFOA and APFO. 82 p. + annexes. RPS Advies B.V. 85
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Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings
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2 Helsinki Commission Katajanokanla
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4 4.16. Cumulative impact on benthi
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6 descriptions of the indicators. T
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8 The CORESET expert group on biodi
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10 fi sh stocks and change in diet,
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12 Figure 2.3. The prevalence of pr
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14 Seasonal changes in blubber thic
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16 Blubber thickness suggestions Bl
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18 Weaknesses/gaps Monitoring of th
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20 2.3. Population growth rate of m
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22 Annual adult survival 1 0,95 0,9
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24 Existing monitoring data Informa
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26 References Bäcklin, B. M. 2011.
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28 Reproduction in the Baltic eagle
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30 Breeding success The proportion
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32 of the real number of nestlings
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Page 38 and 39: 36 2.5. Abundance of wintering popu
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Page 42 and 43: 40 Refrences Skov et al. (2000) Bir
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Page 46 and 47: 44 Approach for defi ning GES All s
Page 48 and 49: 46 Sampling It is suggested to incl
Page 50 and 51: 48 2.7. Fish population abundance 2
Page 52 and 53: 50 Coastal Fish - Community Abundan
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Page 56 and 57: 54 well, but were not included in t
Page 58 and 59: 56 Weighting For Nordic Costal mult
Page 60 and 61: 58 12. Current monitoring Monitored
Page 62 and 63: 60 Błeńska M., Osowiecki A., Kra
Page 64 and 65: 62 10. Spatial considerations Fucus
Page 66 and 67: 64 2.15. Trend in the arrival of ne
Page 68 and 69: 66 jectives is to reach “No intro
Page 70 and 71: 68 Sweden Figure 2.23 shows the rat
Page 72 and 73: 70 Strengths and weaknesses of data
Page 74 and 75: 72 need to be revisited in light of
Page 76 and 77: 74 Considering the data set availab
Page 78 and 79: 76 In Denmark, the highest contamin
Page 80 and 81: 78 Status of a compound on internat
Page 82 and 83: 80 A temporal analysis (EU-RAR 2006
Page 84 and 85: 82 Pathways of PFOS to the Baltic e
Page 88 and 89: 86 3.4. Polychlorinated biphenyls a
Page 90 and 91: 88 actions related to the environme
Page 92 and 93: 90 The CORESET expert group decided
Page 94 and 95: 92 pheric deposition pattern (lowes
Page 96 and 97: 94 3.5. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (
Page 98 and 99: 96 GES boundaries and matrix Existi
Page 100 and 101: 98 Quality Assurance of PAH metabol
Page 102 and 103: 100 Ariese F, Burgers I, Oudhoff K,
Page 104 and 105: 102 GES boundaries and matrices Exi
Page 106 and 107: 104 3.7. Cesium-137 Authors: Jürge
Page 108 and 109: 106 Figure 3.5. Average surface lev
Page 110 and 111: 108 Temporal trends in concentratio
Page 112 and 113: 110 Other important sources are glo
Page 114 and 115: 112 Conceptual model of the sources
Page 116 and 117: 114 3.8 Tributyltin (TBT) and the i
Page 118 and 119: 116 GES boundaries and matrix Exist
Page 120 and 121: 118 Monitoring the compound Status
Page 122 and 123: 120 Recommendation TBT measurements
Page 124 and 125: 122 3. Frogs have been shown to app
Page 126 and 127: 124 not fi sh (Köhler et al. 2002;
Page 128 and 129: 126 The use of different fi sh spec
Page 130 and 131: 128 Kirchin, M.A. Moore, M.N. Dean,
Page 132 and 133: 130 3.11. Fish Disease Index: Exter
Page 134 and 135: 132 Confounding factors The multifa
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134 analyses ICES data from various
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136 An EAC is the threshold beyond
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138 3.12. Micronucleus test Authors
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140 main nuclei were not counted as
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142 ing national data sets. Note: t
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144 Baršienė J. Rybakovas A. 2006
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146 3.13 A. Reproductive disorders
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148 dead larvae can be induced by s
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150 Strand, J, Dahllöf, I. (2005).
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152 of contaminants in sediments wi
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154 Eriksson Wiklund, A-K., and Sun
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156 4. Candidate indicators for bio
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158 Zooplankton-phytoplankton bioma
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160 4.2. By-catch of marine mammals
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162 4.3. Impacts of anthropogenic u
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164 4.4. Fatty-acid composition of
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166 7. Use of the indicator in prev
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168 10. Spatial considerations Balt
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170 4.10. Large fi sh individuals f
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172 11. Temporal considerations Sam
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178 A proposal for an approach to a
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180 Technical data Metadata This is
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182 F igure 4.1. Map showing the cu
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184 4.17. Biomass of copepods 1. Wo
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186 4.19. Zooplankton species diver
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188 indirectly impacted by eutrophi
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190 Notes for the GES boundary The
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192 Step 3: Prepare a list of speci
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194 4.22. Phytoplankton diversity 1
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196 4. Policy relevance Nonylphenol
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198 among different studies/measure
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200 4.27. EROD/CYP1A induction The
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202 5.1. Summary of all supplementa
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204 Table 5.1. (continues) Suppleme
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206 5.5. Biopollution level index 1
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208 NIS for aquaculture purposes. O
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210 Balanus improvisus Baltic Katte
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212 Figure 5.3. The scheme for asse
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214 5.6. Organochlorine compounds G
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216 EU Directive 2008/105/ EC Daugh
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218 Table 5.4. Monitoring of HCB, H
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