Interim report of the HELCOM CORESET project

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106 Figure 3.5. Average surface levels of 137Cs in the world’s oceans and seas (estimates for 01.01.2000). Ingestion of 137Cs in fi sh is the dominating exposure pathway of humans from man-made radioactivity in the Baltic Sea. Therefore, 137Cs concentrations in herring are well suited as indicators for man-made radioactivity in the Baltic Sea. Internationally recommended maximum permitted concentrations of 137Cs in foodstuff are in the range 500-1250 Bq/kg depending on origin of pollution. Reaching one of the ecological objectives given by the BSAP, i.e. “radioactivity at pre-Chernobyl level” defi ned by associated GES boundary values, will help to assure healthy wildlife and all fi sh being safe to eat, both with respect to radiation exposure. Concentrations of radioactivity in marine wildlife in the Baltic Sea have always been low causing negligible risks to wildlife from radiation exposure and to humans from consumption of seafood. HELCOM Monitoring of Radioactive Substances (MORS) projects, and now the HELCOM MORS Expert Group, have been working to implement the Helsinki Convention on matters related to the monitoring and assessment of radioactive substances in the Baltic Sea. This work is based on HELCOM Recommendation 26/3 and supports the work of the HELCOM Monitoring and Assessment Group (HELCOM MONAS), by assessing the progress towards the ecological objective Radioactivity at pre-Chernobyl level which was defi ned in the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP). This indicator supports the implementation of the EU Marine Strategy Directive (MSFD) Descriptor 9 on contaminants in fi sh and seafood for human consumption. The work of HELCOM MORS also supports the implementation of the Euratom Treaty, of which all EU Member States are signatories, which requires actions in relation to monitoring and effects of discharges on neighbouring states.
Authors HELCOM Monitoring of Radioactive Substances Expert Group Corresponding authors: Jürgen Herrmann, BSH - Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, Germany Günter Kanisch, vTI - Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Germany Sven P. Nielsen - Risoe National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, DTU, Denmark References HELCOM (2009): Radioactivity in the Baltic Sea, 1999-2006 HELCOM thematic assessment. Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 117: 60 pp. HELCOM (2003): Radioactivity in the Baltic Sea 1992-1998. Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 85: 102 pp. HELCOM (1995): Radioactivity in the Baltic Sea 1984-1991. Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 61: 182 pp. HELCOM (1989): Three years observations of the levels of some radionuclides in the Baltic Sea after the Chernobyl Accident. Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 31: 155 pp. Herrmann, J. & Kanisch, G. (2010): Concentrations of the artifi cial radionuclide caesium-137 in Baltic Sea fi sh and surface waters. HELCOM Indicator Fact Sheets 2010. IAEA (2005): Worldwide marine radioactivity studies (WOMARS). Radionuclide levels in oceans and seas. IAEA-TECDOC-1429. Laptev G. & O. Voitsekhovitch (2006): Contribution to RER/2/003 report. IAEA RER/2/003 working document. Outola, I. (2010). Total amounts of the artifi cial radionuclide caesium -137 in Baltic Sea sediments. HELCOM Indicator Fact Sheets 2010. UNSCEAR (1996): Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Report to the General Assembly, with scientifi c annex. United Nations, New York. Vartti, V-P. (2010): Liquid discharges of Cs-137, Sr-90 and Co-60 into the Baltic Sea from local nuclear installations. HELCOM Indicator Fact Sheets 2010. 107
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Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings
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2 Helsinki Commission Katajanokanla
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4 4.16. Cumulative impact on benthi
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6 descriptions of the indicators. T
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8 The CORESET expert group on biodi
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10 fi sh stocks and change in diet,
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12 Figure 2.3. The prevalence of pr
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14 Seasonal changes in blubber thic
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16 Blubber thickness suggestions Bl
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18 Weaknesses/gaps Monitoring of th
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20 2.3. Population growth rate of m
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22 Annual adult survival 1 0,95 0,9
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24 Existing monitoring data Informa
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26 References Bäcklin, B. M. 2011.
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28 Reproduction in the Baltic eagle
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30 Breeding success The proportion
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32 of the real number of nestlings
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34 Gaps and weaknesses Minimum dete
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36 2.5. Abundance of wintering popu
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38 Table 2.10. Pressures affecting
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40 Refrences Skov et al. (2000) Bir
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42 termined by application of the 7
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44 Approach for defi ning GES All s
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46 Sampling It is suggested to incl
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48 2.7. Fish population abundance 2
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50 Coastal Fish - Community Abundan
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52 When a reference data set cannot
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54 well, but were not included in t
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Page 90 and 91: 88 actions related to the environme
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Page 94 and 95: 92 pheric deposition pattern (lowes
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Page 98 and 99: 96 GES boundaries and matrix Existi
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Page 128 and 129: 126 The use of different fi sh spec
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Page 132 and 133: 130 3.11. Fish Disease Index: Exter
Page 134 and 135: 132 Confounding factors The multifa
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Page 140 and 141: 138 3.12. Micronucleus test Authors
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Page 144 and 145: 142 ing national data sets. Note: t
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Page 148 and 149: 146 3.13 A. Reproductive disorders
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Page 152 and 153: 150 Strand, J, Dahllöf, I. (2005).
Page 154 and 155: 152 of contaminants in sediments wi
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156 4. Candidate indicators for bio
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158 Zooplankton-phytoplankton bioma
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160 4.2. By-catch of marine mammals
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162 4.3. Impacts of anthropogenic u
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164 4.4. Fatty-acid composition of
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166 7. Use of the indicator in prev
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168 10. Spatial considerations Balt
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170 4.10. Large fi sh individuals f
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172 11. Temporal considerations Sam
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178 A proposal for an approach to a
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180 Technical data Metadata This is
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182 F igure 4.1. Map showing the cu
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184 4.17. Biomass of copepods 1. Wo
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186 4.19. Zooplankton species diver
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188 indirectly impacted by eutrophi
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190 Notes for the GES boundary The
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192 Step 3: Prepare a list of speci
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194 4.22. Phytoplankton diversity 1
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196 4. Policy relevance Nonylphenol
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198 among different studies/measure
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200 4.27. EROD/CYP1A induction The
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202 5.1. Summary of all supplementa
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204 Table 5.1. (continues) Suppleme
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206 5.5. Biopollution level index 1
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208 NIS for aquaculture purposes. O
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210 Balanus improvisus Baltic Katte
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212 Figure 5.3. The scheme for asse
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214 5.6. Organochlorine compounds G
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216 EU Directive 2008/105/ EC Daugh
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218 Table 5.4. Monitoring of HCB, H
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