Interim report of the HELCOM CORESET project

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34 Gaps and weaknesses Minimum detectable yearly trend (%) for a 10-year monitoring period at a statistical power of 80% has been estimated for Swedish data for different sample sizes, based on random sampling from data collected during 1991 – 2006 (Helander et al. 2008). Minimum detectable trends based on the raw data set between 1991–2006 (with a varying annual number of observations) was 1.3% for brood size (Baltic Proper), 2.0% for breeding success (Gulf of Bothnia) and 3.0% for productivity (Gulf of Bothnia). The national survey methods are very similar with the only differences being whether to climb to the nest or survey it from the ground (applying the conversion factor). The reliability of the core indicator can be increased by continuing to develop the GES boundary levels and further studying their linkage to anthropogenic pressures, such as disturbance in the vicinity of nests, wind farms and contaminants. References Hauff, P. & L. Wölfel (2002). Seeadler (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern im 20. Jahrhundert. Corax, Special Issue 1, 15-22 Hauff, P. (2009): Zur Geschichte des Seeadlers Haliaeetus albicilla in Deutschland. Denisia 27: 7-18 Helander, B. (1981). Nestling measurements and weights from two white-tailed eagle populations in Sweden. Bird Study 28, 235–241. Helander, B. (1985). Reproduction of the white-tailed sea eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Sweden. Holarct. Ecol. 8(3):211-227. Helander, B. (1994a). Pre-1954 breeding success and productivity of white-tailed sea eagles Haliaeetus albicilla inSweden. In: Raptor Conservation Today. Meyburg, B.-U.& Chancellor, R.D. (eds). WWGBP/ The Pica Press, pp. 731–733. Helander, B. (1994b). Productivity in relation to residue levels of DDE in the eggs of white-tailed sea eagles Haliaeetus albicilla in Sweden. Pp. 735-738 in: Meyburg, B.-U. & Chancellor, R.D. (eds.), Raptor Conservation Today.WWGBP/The Pica Press Helander, B. (2003a). The white-tailed Sea Eagle in Sweden—reproduction, numbers and trends. In: SEA EAGLE 2000. Helander, B., Marquiss, M. and Bowerman, B. (eds). Åtta.45 Tryckeri AB, Stockholm, pp. 57–66. Helander, B. (2003b). The international colour ringing programme – adult survival, homing and the expansion of the white-tailed sea eagle in Sweden. In: SEA EAGLE 2000. Helander, B., Marquiss, M. and Bowerman, B. (eds). Åtta.45 Tryckeri AB, Stockholm, pp. 145-154. Helander, B., J. Axelsson, H. Borg, K. Holm.& A. Bignert (2009). Ingestion of lead from ammunition and lead concentrations in white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden. Sci. Tot. Environ. 407:5555–5563. Helander, B., A. Bignert. & L. Asplund (2008). Using Raptors as Environmental Sentinels: Monitoring the White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden. Ambio 37(6):425-431. Helander, B., F. Hailer & C. Vila, C. (2007). Morphological and genetic sex identifi cation of white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla nestlings. J. Ornithol. 148, 435–442. Helander, B., A. Olsson, A. Bignert, L. Asplund & K. Litzén (2002). The role of DDE, PCB, coplanar PCB and eggshell parameters for reproduction in the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden. Ambio 31(5):386-403. Helander, B., M. Olsson & L. Reutergårdh (1982). Residue levels of organochlorine and mercury compounds in unhatched eggs and the relationships to breeding success in white-tailed sea eagles Haliaeetus albicilla in Sweden. Holarct. Ecol. 5(4):349-366. Helander, B. & T. Stjernberg (eds.) (2003). Action Plan for the conservation of White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). Recommendation 92/2002, adopted by the Standing Committee of the Bern Convention in Dec., 2002. BirdLife International. 51 pp. Henriksson, K., E. Karppanen & M. Helminen (1966). High residue levels of mercury i Finnish white-tailed eagles. Orn. Fenn. 43:38-45.
Herrmann, C., O. Krone, T. Stjernberg & B. Helander (2009). Population Development of Baltic Bird Species: White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). HELCOM Indicator Fact Sheets 2009, in press Online., http://www.helcom.fi /environment2/ifs/en_GB/cover/ Jensen, S. 1966. Report on a new chemical hazard. New Scient. 32:612. Jensen, S., A.G. Johnels, M. Olsson & T. Westermark (1972). The avifauna of Sweden as indicators of environmental contamination with mercury and organochlorine hydrocarbons. Proc. Int. Orn. Congr. 15:455-465. Koivusaari, J., I. Nuuja, R. Palokangas & M. Finnlund (1980). Relationships between productivity, eggshell thickness and pollutant contents of addled eggs in the population of white-tailed eagles Haliaeetus albicilla L. in Finland during 1969–1978. Environ. Pollut. (Ser. A) 23:41–52. Lindberg, P., U. Sellström, L. Häggberg & C.A. De Wit (2004). Higher brominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane found in eggs of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) breeding in Sweden. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38:93–96. Nordlöf, U., B. Helander, A. Bignert & L. Asplund (2007). Polybrominated Flame retardants in eggs from Swedish White-Tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). Organohalogen Compounds 69:2728-2731. 35
Page 1: Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings
Page 4 and 5: 2 Helsinki Commission Katajanokanla
Page 6 and 7: 4 4.16. Cumulative impact on benthi
Page 8 and 9: 6 descriptions of the indicators. T
Page 10 and 11: 8 The CORESET expert group on biodi
Page 12 and 13: 10 fi sh stocks and change in diet,
Page 14 and 15: 12 Figure 2.3. The prevalence of pr
Page 16 and 17: 14 Seasonal changes in blubber thic
Page 18 and 19: 16 Blubber thickness suggestions Bl
Page 20 and 21: 18 Weaknesses/gaps Monitoring of th
Page 22 and 23: 20 2.3. Population growth rate of m
Page 24 and 25: 22 Annual adult survival 1 0,95 0,9
Page 26 and 27: 24 Existing monitoring data Informa
Page 28 and 29: 26 References Bäcklin, B. M. 2011.
Page 30 and 31: 28 Reproduction in the Baltic eagle
Page 32 and 33: 30 Breeding success The proportion
Page 34 and 35: 32 of the real number of nestlings
Page 38 and 39: 36 2.5. Abundance of wintering popu
Page 40 and 41: 38 Table 2.10. Pressures affecting
Page 42 and 43: 40 Refrences Skov et al. (2000) Bir
Page 44 and 45: 42 termined by application of the 7
Page 46 and 47: 44 Approach for defi ning GES All s
Page 48 and 49: 46 Sampling It is suggested to incl
Page 50 and 51: 48 2.7. Fish population abundance 2
Page 52 and 53: 50 Coastal Fish - Community Abundan
Page 54 and 55: 52 When a reference data set cannot
Page 56 and 57: 54 well, but were not included in t
Page 58 and 59: 56 Weighting For Nordic Costal mult
Page 60 and 61: 58 12. Current monitoring Monitored
Page 62 and 63: 60 Błeńska M., Osowiecki A., Kra
Page 64 and 65: 62 10. Spatial considerations Fucus
Page 66 and 67: 64 2.15. Trend in the arrival of ne
Page 68 and 69: 66 jectives is to reach “No intro
Page 70 and 71: 68 Sweden Figure 2.23 shows the rat
Page 72 and 73: 70 Strengths and weaknesses of data
Page 74 and 75: 72 need to be revisited in light of
Page 76 and 77: 74 Considering the data set availab
Page 78 and 79: 76 In Denmark, the highest contamin
Page 80 and 81: 78 Status of a compound on internat
Page 82 and 83: 80 A temporal analysis (EU-RAR 2006
Page 84 and 85: 82 Pathways of PFOS to the Baltic e
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84 In regions less affected by anth
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86 3.4. Polychlorinated biphenyls a
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88 actions related to the environme
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90 The CORESET expert group decided
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92 pheric deposition pattern (lowes
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94 3.5. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (
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96 GES boundaries and matrix Existi
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98 Quality Assurance of PAH metabol
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100 Ariese F, Burgers I, Oudhoff K,
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102 GES boundaries and matrices Exi
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104 3.7. Cesium-137 Authors: Jürge
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106 Figure 3.5. Average surface lev
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108 Temporal trends in concentratio
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110 Other important sources are glo
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112 Conceptual model of the sources
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114 3.8 Tributyltin (TBT) and the i
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116 GES boundaries and matrix Exist
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118 Monitoring the compound Status
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120 Recommendation TBT measurements
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122 3. Frogs have been shown to app
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124 not fi sh (Köhler et al. 2002;
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126 The use of different fi sh spec
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128 Kirchin, M.A. Moore, M.N. Dean,
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130 3.11. Fish Disease Index: Exter
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132 Confounding factors The multifa
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134 analyses ICES data from various
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136 An EAC is the threshold beyond
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138 3.12. Micronucleus test Authors
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140 main nuclei were not counted as
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142 ing national data sets. Note: t
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144 Baršienė J. Rybakovas A. 2006
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146 3.13 A. Reproductive disorders
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148 dead larvae can be induced by s
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150 Strand, J, Dahllöf, I. (2005).
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152 of contaminants in sediments wi
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154 Eriksson Wiklund, A-K., and Sun
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156 4. Candidate indicators for bio
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158 Zooplankton-phytoplankton bioma
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160 4.2. By-catch of marine mammals
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162 4.3. Impacts of anthropogenic u
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164 4.4. Fatty-acid composition of
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166 7. Use of the indicator in prev
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168 10. Spatial considerations Balt
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170 4.10. Large fi sh individuals f
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172 11. Temporal considerations Sam
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178 A proposal for an approach to a
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180 Technical data Metadata This is
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182 F igure 4.1. Map showing the cu
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184 4.17. Biomass of copepods 1. Wo
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186 4.19. Zooplankton species diver
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188 indirectly impacted by eutrophi
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190 Notes for the GES boundary The
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192 Step 3: Prepare a list of speci
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194 4.22. Phytoplankton diversity 1
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196 4. Policy relevance Nonylphenol
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198 among different studies/measure
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200 4.27. EROD/CYP1A induction The
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202 5.1. Summary of all supplementa
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204 Table 5.1. (continues) Suppleme
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206 5.5. Biopollution level index 1
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208 NIS for aquaculture purposes. O
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210 Balanus improvisus Baltic Katte
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212 Figure 5.3. The scheme for asse
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214 5.6. Organochlorine compounds G
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216 EU Directive 2008/105/ EC Daugh
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218 Table 5.4. Monitoring of HCB, H
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